tumours of the kidney Flashcards
what is another name for wilms tumour
nephroblastoma
what is a wilms tumour
malignant embryonic tumour originating from the developing kidney
clinical presentation of a wilms tumour
palpable abdo mass that doesn’t cross the midline
loss of appetite
imaging of a nephroblastoma
CT chest, abdo, pelvis
definitive diagnosis of a nephroblastoma
renal biopsy
management of wilms tumour
chemo + resection
what are the 2 main types of benign renal tumours
oncocytoma
angiomyolipoma
clinical presentation of an oncocytoma
usually asymptomatic and an incidental finding
histology of an oncocytoma
mahogany brown with a central stellate scar
CT of an oncocytoma
spoke wheel pattern
what can angiomyolipas be associated with
tuberous sclerosis
most common type of kidney cancer
renal cell carcinoma
what is the histology of renal cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma of the renal cortex
name some risk factors for developing kidney cancer
smoking, obesity, renal failure and dialysis, hypertension
what genetic condition is most closely linked to developing renal cell carcinoma - and which type in particular
VHL
clear cell carcinoma
genetics of VHL
autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the VHL gene on chromosome 3
where are renal cell carcinomas believed to arise from
proximal convoluted tubule
what is the main risk factor for clear cell carcinoma
obesity
where has clear cell carcinoma have a propensity to spread to - and why is this an issue
renal vein - can extend into vena cava and towards the heart
what is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma
clear cell carcinoma
which malignant tumour is histologically similar to oncocytomas
chromophobe renal cell carcinomas
classic presentation of renal cell carcinoma
haematuria, loin pain, mass
name 3 paraneoplastic syndromes associated with renal cell carcinoma and why
polycythaemia - RCC may produce excessive EPO
hypertension - increased renin from tumour
hypercalcaemia - PTH related peptide produced by tumour
investigations for renal cell carcinoma
ultrasound
mainstay of treatment of renal cell carcinoma
nephrectomy - partial or radical
