Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NMSP Week 1 > Tumors (Martin) > Flashcards

Tumors (Martin) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the second most common malignancy among children?

A

Brain tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Supratentorial tumors are common in?

Infratentorial tumors are common in?

A

1) Adults

2) Kids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

With new onset of seizure in an adult what should come to mind?

A

Glioblastoma (brain tumor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the grading range for tumors?

A

I-IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does a grade II tumor entail?

Grade III?

Grade IV?

A

1) Diffuse astrocytoma
2) Anaplastic astrocytoma
3) Glioblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Grade II astrocytoma is usually in what decade of life?

Grade III?

Grade IV?

A

1) 3rd-4th
2) 5th
3) 6th and beyond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What tumor occurs in the first two decades of life and are composed of bipolar cells with long, thin, processes that are GFAP positive?

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pilocytic astrocytoma are located in?

A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What predisposes a child to pilocytic astrocytoma, especially optic nerve tumors?

A

NF1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are pilocytic astrocytoma’s often described?

A

Cystic with a mural nodule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are characteristic findings of pilocytic astrocytoma?

A

Rosenthal fibers and eosinophilic granular bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common primary brain neoplasm?

A

Glioblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Primary glioblastomas have mutations in?

Secondary glioblastoma have mutations in?

Which has a better prognosis?

A

1) PTEN
2) IDH1
3) IDH1 mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is seen on imaging for glioblastomas?

A

Contrast ring enhancing lesion with central necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 histologic hallmarks of glioblastoma?

A

1) Serpentine pattern of necrosis
2) Pseudo-Palisading (Tumor cells collect along the edges of the necrotic regions)
3) Vascular/endothelial proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What infiltration gliomas are mostly found in the cerebral hemispheres with a predilection for white matter?

A

Oligodendroglioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Oligodendroglioma are well circumscribed tumors that often have cysts, focal hemorrhage, and?

A

Calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are distinct characteristic words used for oligodendroglioma?

A

1) Fried eggs (Perinuclear halos)

2) Chicken wire (Delicate anastomosing capillaries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the most common mutations in Oligodendroglioma?

What prognosis does this give?

A

1) IDH1 and IDH2

2) Favorable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ependymomas commonly arise in what location?

What does this cause?

What is diagnostic of it?

A

1) Fourth ventricle
2) Obstructs CSF flow
3) Ependymal rosettes (true rosettes)

21
Q

Choroid plexus papilloma is most common in what population?

Most commonly occurring where?

What does it cause due to obstruction of the ventricular system?

A

1) Children
2) Lateral ventricles
3) Hydrocephalus

22
Q

Because Colloid cyst of the 3rd ventricle obstructs the Foramen of Monro it causes?

What is the most important clinical sign?

A

1) Noncommunicating hydrocephalus

2) Headache (sometime positional)

23
Q

What brain tumor accounts for 20% of all brain tumors in kids and is very malignant and will often kill quickly, but it is very radiosensitive?

A

Medulloblastoma

24
Q

Medulloblastoma exclusively appears in what area?

How does it relate to “drop metastasis”?

A

1) Cerebellum

2) It disseminates through CSF to cauda equina

25
Q

What genetic subtype of medulloblastoma has the best prognosis?

Which has the worst?

A

1) WNT

2) Group 3 -> MYC amplification and isochrome 17

26
Q

What is medulloblastoma characterized by?

A

1) Sheets of anaplastic cells
2) Abundant mitoses
3) Homer-Wright Rosettes

27
Q

In regards to rhabdoid tumors, what do the cytoplasm of the rhabdoid cell contain?

It is immunoreactive for?

A

1) Intermediate filaments

2) Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and vimentin

28
Q

What are the most common CNS tumor in AIDS patients and those who are immune suppressed?

A

Primary CNS lymphoma

29
Q

In immune suppressed patients, the cells in nearly all primary brain lymphomas are latently infected by?

What CD is it positive for?

A

1) Epstein-Barr virus

2) CD20 (B-cell origin)

30
Q

What is characteristic of primary CNS lymphoma?

A

Hooping = cells separated by reticulin and silver stain

31
Q

Where do germ cell tumors occur along?

Germ cell tumors in what location predominantly affect males?

It more commonly affects what population?

A

1) Midline
2) Pineal region
3) Japanese

32
Q

Pineoblastomas occurs with increased frequency in individuals with the germline mutation in?

A

RB gene

33
Q

What are mostly benign tumors that are attached to the dura in adults?

A

Meningioma

34
Q

Meningiomas are associated with what occurrence decades earlier?

A

Prior radiation therapy

35
Q

Meningiomas are associated with loss of what gene on chromosome 22q that encodes for merlin?

A

NF2 gene

36
Q

What is morphologically characteristic of meningioma?

A

Calcified psammoma bodies

37
Q

Meningiomas generally present with vague non-localizing signs and symptoms or with focal findings due to?

A

Brain compression

38
Q

Why do meningiomas grow more rapidly during pregnancy?

A

They express progesterone receptors

39
Q

What are the most common tumors that metastasize to the brain?

What are the most common locations?

A

1) Carcinomas

2) lung, breast, melanoma

40
Q

What rare tumor frequently metastases to the brain?

A

Choriocarcinoma

41
Q

What antibody is associated with Subacute cerebellar degeneration?

A

PCA-1

42
Q

What antibody is associated with limbic encephalitis from small cell carcinoma of the lung?

A

ANNA-1 antibody (anti-Hu)

43
Q

Tuberous sclerosis complex is characterized by development of?

A

Hamartomas and benign tumors in the brain

44
Q

What does Von Hippel-Lindau Disease develop?

Where may cysts be found?

A

1) Hemangioblastomas of the CNS

2) Liver

45
Q

Because Von Hippel-Lindau Disease is involved in regulating expression of erythropoietin what is it associated with?

A

Polycythemia

46
Q

Von Hippel-Lindau Disease patients are more likely to develop?

A

Renal cell carcinoma and pheochromocytoma

47
Q

What is characteristic of Neurofibromatosis type 1?

A

1) Optic nerve gliomas
2) Lisch Nodules (pigmented nodules of the iris)
3) Café au lait spots

48
Q

What is characteristic of Neurofibromatosis type 2?

A

1) Bilateral schwannomas of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)

2) Multiple meningiomas

49
Q

Which has a better prognosis, mutated IDH or wild type IDH?

A

Mutant IDH

NMSP Week 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions