tumors from supporting structures Flashcards
types of secondary tumors
meningiomas
pituitary adenomas
neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas
craniopharyngiomas
hemangioblastoma/hemangiomas
meningiomas
slow-growing (symptoms can develop over years)
usually lesions that occur along the dural folds in the arachnoid layer b/w or over the cerebral hemisphere at base of skill or posterior fossa
multiple deletes of chromosome 22
meningiomas is
2nd most common 1 degrees intracranial tumor in adults
most common of benign brain neoplasms
meningiomas ages
ages 40-70
2-3x more common in women
pituitary adenomas
benign tumors derived from cells of the anterior portion of the pituitary gland
affects women during childbearing years
pituitary adenomas secreting tumors
70% are secreting tumors (younger adults)
non-secreting tumors pituitary adenomas
to occur in older adults
no treatment required
pituitary adenomas pathogenesis
associated w/ genetic abnormalities in oncogenes
arise from a single cell (monoclonal = identical)
clinical manifestations pituitary adenomas
caused by excess of pituitary hormones or pituitary insufficiency
hormonal symptoms
pituitary insufficiency
secondar pattern
tertiary pattern
hormonal symptoms pituitary adenomas
galactorrhea
amenorrhea
gigantism
acromegaly
Cushing’s dz
pituitary insufficiency pituitary adenomas
fatigue
weakness
hypogonadism
secondary pattern pituitary adenomas
regression of secondary sexual characteristics and hypothyroidism
tertiary pattern pituitary adenomas
neurologic findings
headache
bitemporal
vision loss
ocular palsy
neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas
slow growing, benign tumors originating from schwann cells
where do neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas most commonly develop
vestibular component of CN VIII
where do neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas mainly occur
fourth to sixth decades of life
2:1 female to male occurrence ratio
pathogenesis neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas
typically originate in the internal auditory canal in the transition zone of the oligodendroglia cells and PNS schwann cells
how do neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas look
thickly encapsulated
highly vascular
consists of spindle-shaped cells lying in parallel rows
clinical manifestations neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas
typically present with unilateral hearing loss
tinnitus (ringing in ears)
vertigo
unsteadiness
facial numbness
difficulty swallowing
impaired eye movement
taste disturbances
craniopharyngiomas
benign congenital tumors in the suprasellar region in the pituitary stalk adjacent to the optic chiasm
arise from remnants of Rathke’s poche and grow slowly from birth
clinical manifestations craniopharyngiomas
pituitary hypofunction
visual difficulties
severe headaches
hemangioblastoma/hemangiomas
benign slow-growing tumors typically arising in the posterior fossa
primarily in the cerebellar vermis or pons as solitary lesions w/ clearly indicated borders
pathogenesis hemas
originate in blood vessel lining cells –> vascular conglomerate of endothelial cells, pericytes and stromal cells
often associated w/ von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
clinical manifestation hemas
blockage of CSF results in increase of ICP and hydrocephalus