tumors from supporting structures Flashcards

1
Q

types of secondary tumors

A

meningiomas

pituitary adenomas

neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas

craniopharyngiomas

hemangioblastoma/hemangiomas

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2
Q

meningiomas

A

slow-growing (symptoms can develop over years)

usually lesions that occur along the dural folds in the arachnoid layer b/w or over the cerebral hemisphere at base of skill or posterior fossa

multiple deletes of chromosome 22

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3
Q

meningiomas is

A

2nd most common 1 degrees intracranial tumor in adults

most common of benign brain neoplasms

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4
Q

meningiomas ages

A

ages 40-70

2-3x more common in women

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5
Q

pituitary adenomas

A

benign tumors derived from cells of the anterior portion of the pituitary gland

affects women during childbearing years

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6
Q

pituitary adenomas secreting tumors

A

70% are secreting tumors (younger adults)

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7
Q

non-secreting tumors pituitary adenomas

A

to occur in older adults

no treatment required

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8
Q

pituitary adenomas pathogenesis

A

associated w/ genetic abnormalities in oncogenes

arise from a single cell (monoclonal = identical)

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9
Q

clinical manifestations pituitary adenomas

A

caused by excess of pituitary hormones or pituitary insufficiency

hormonal symptoms

pituitary insufficiency

secondar pattern

tertiary pattern

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10
Q

hormonal symptoms pituitary adenomas

A

galactorrhea

amenorrhea

gigantism

acromegaly

Cushing’s dz

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11
Q

pituitary insufficiency pituitary adenomas

A

fatigue

weakness

hypogonadism

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12
Q

secondary pattern pituitary adenomas

A

regression of secondary sexual characteristics and hypothyroidism

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13
Q

tertiary pattern pituitary adenomas

A

neurologic findings

headache

bitemporal

vision loss

ocular palsy

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14
Q

neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas

A

slow growing, benign tumors originating from schwann cells

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15
Q

where do neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas most commonly develop

A

vestibular component of CN VIII

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16
Q

where do neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas mainly occur

A

fourth to sixth decades of life

2:1 female to male occurrence ratio

17
Q

pathogenesis neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas

A

typically originate in the internal auditory canal in the transition zone of the oligodendroglia cells and PNS schwann cells

18
Q

how do neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas look

A

thickly encapsulated

highly vascular

consists of spindle-shaped cells lying in parallel rows

19
Q

clinical manifestations neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas

A

typically present with unilateral hearing loss

tinnitus (ringing in ears)

vertigo

unsteadiness

facial numbness

difficulty swallowing

impaired eye movement

taste disturbances

20
Q

craniopharyngiomas

A

benign congenital tumors in the suprasellar region in the pituitary stalk adjacent to the optic chiasm

arise from remnants of Rathke’s poche and grow slowly from birth

21
Q

clinical manifestations craniopharyngiomas

A

pituitary hypofunction

visual difficulties

severe headaches

22
Q

hemangioblastoma/hemangiomas

A

benign slow-growing tumors typically arising in the posterior fossa

primarily in the cerebellar vermis or pons as solitary lesions w/ clearly indicated borders

23
Q

pathogenesis hemas

A

originate in blood vessel lining cells –> vascular conglomerate of endothelial cells, pericytes and stromal cells

often associated w/ von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

24
Q

clinical manifestation hemas

A

blockage of CSF results in increase of ICP and hydrocephalus

25
benign intracranial hypertension
pseudotumor cerebri PTC --> increased ICP in the absence of a tumor or other disease mimics a tumor
26
clinical manifestations benign intracranial hypertension
daily dull headaches (worst in the AM) nausea vomiting tinnitus diplopia due to CN2 & CN6 compression papilledema vision loss
27
treatment benign intracranial hypertension
LP, acetazolamide --> decrease headaches (altitude sickness drug) optic nerve sheath decompression and fenestration shunting usually a lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt to relieve pressure
28
radiation injury to CNS
acute and subacute transient symptoms may develop early, but progressive, permanent, often disabling nervous system damage may not appear for months to years
29
injury is dependent on... (radiation injury to CNS)
dosage duration of exposure size of tissue exposed
30
possible effects (radiation injury to CNS)
swelling decrease intellect memory impairment confusion personality change development of new tumors
31
brain tumors implications for PT
may be significant neuromuscular and cardiopulmonary impairments should have knowledge of diagnosis/prognosis monitor consciousness, vital signs, body temp, signs of infecion pt positioning important (head elevated for fluid drainage) depression support rehab