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Clin Med Exam 3 > tumors from supporting structures > Flashcards

tumors from supporting structures Flashcards

1
Q

types of secondary tumors

A

meningiomas

pituitary adenomas

neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas

craniopharyngiomas

hemangioblastoma/hemangiomas

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2
Q

meningiomas

A

slow-growing (symptoms can develop over years)

usually lesions that occur along the dural folds in the arachnoid layer b/w or over the cerebral hemisphere at base of skill or posterior fossa

multiple deletes of chromosome 22

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3
Q

meningiomas is

A

2nd most common 1 degrees intracranial tumor in adults

most common of benign brain neoplasms

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4
Q

meningiomas ages

A

ages 40-70

2-3x more common in women

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5
Q

pituitary adenomas

A

benign tumors derived from cells of the anterior portion of the pituitary gland

affects women during childbearing years

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6
Q

pituitary adenomas secreting tumors

A

70% are secreting tumors (younger adults)

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7
Q

non-secreting tumors pituitary adenomas

A

to occur in older adults

no treatment required

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8
Q

pituitary adenomas pathogenesis

A

associated w/ genetic abnormalities in oncogenes

arise from a single cell (monoclonal = identical)

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9
Q

clinical manifestations pituitary adenomas

A

caused by excess of pituitary hormones or pituitary insufficiency

hormonal symptoms

pituitary insufficiency

secondar pattern

tertiary pattern

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10
Q

hormonal symptoms pituitary adenomas

A

galactorrhea

amenorrhea

gigantism

acromegaly

Cushing’s dz

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11
Q

pituitary insufficiency pituitary adenomas

A

fatigue

weakness

hypogonadism

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12
Q

secondary pattern pituitary adenomas

A

regression of secondary sexual characteristics and hypothyroidism

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13
Q

tertiary pattern pituitary adenomas

A

neurologic findings

headache

bitemporal

vision loss

ocular palsy

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14
Q

neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas

A

slow growing, benign tumors originating from schwann cells

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15
Q

where do neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas most commonly develop

A

vestibular component of CN VIII

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16
Q

where do neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas mainly occur

A

fourth to sixth decades of life

2:1 female to male occurrence ratio

17
Q

pathogenesis neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas

A

typically originate in the internal auditory canal in the transition zone of the oligodendroglia cells and PNS schwann cells

18
Q

how do neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas look

A

thickly encapsulated

highly vascular

consists of spindle-shaped cells lying in parallel rows

19
Q

clinical manifestations neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas

A

typically present with unilateral hearing loss

tinnitus (ringing in ears)

vertigo

unsteadiness

facial numbness

difficulty swallowing

impaired eye movement

taste disturbances

20
Q

craniopharyngiomas

A

benign congenital tumors in the suprasellar region in the pituitary stalk adjacent to the optic chiasm

arise from remnants of Rathke’s poche and grow slowly from birth

21
Q

clinical manifestations craniopharyngiomas

A

pituitary hypofunction

visual difficulties

severe headaches

22
Q

hemangioblastoma/hemangiomas

A

benign slow-growing tumors typically arising in the posterior fossa

primarily in the cerebellar vermis or pons as solitary lesions w/ clearly indicated borders

23
Q

pathogenesis hemas

A

originate in blood vessel lining cells –> vascular conglomerate of endothelial cells, pericytes and stromal cells

often associated w/ von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

24
Q

clinical manifestation hemas

A

blockage of CSF results in increase of ICP and hydrocephalus

25
Q

benign intracranial hypertension

A

pseudotumor cerebri

PTC –> increased ICP in the absence of a tumor or other disease mimics a tumor

26
Q

clinical manifestations benign intracranial hypertension

A

daily dull headaches (worst in the AM)

nausea

vomiting

tinnitus

diplopia due to CN2 & CN6 compression

papilledema

vision loss

27
Q

treatment benign intracranial hypertension

A

LP, acetazolamide –> decrease headaches (altitude sickness drug)

optic nerve sheath decompression and fenestration

shunting usually a lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt to relieve pressure

28
Q

radiation injury to CNS

A

acute and subacute transient symptoms may develop early, but progressive, permanent, often disabling nervous system damage may not appear for months to years

29
Q

injury is dependent on… (radiation injury to CNS)

A

dosage

duration of exposure

size of tissue exposed

30
Q

possible effects (radiation injury to CNS)

A

swelling

decrease intellect

memory impairment

confusion

personality change

development of new tumors

31
Q

brain tumors implications for PT

A

may be significant neuromuscular and cardiopulmonary impairments

should have knowledge of diagnosis/prognosis

monitor consciousness, vital signs, body temp, signs of infecion

pt positioning important (head elevated for fluid drainage)

depression

support rehab

Clin Med Exam 3 (13 decks)

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