tumors from supporting structures

Question 1

types of secondary tumors

Answer 1

meningiomas

pituitary adenomas

neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas

craniopharyngiomas

hemangioblastoma/hemangiomas

Question 2

meningiomas

Answer 2

slow-growing (symptoms can develop over years)

usually lesions that occur along the dural folds in the arachnoid layer b/w or over the cerebral hemisphere at base of skill or posterior fossa

multiple deletes of chromosome 22

Question 3

meningiomas is

Answer 3

2nd most common 1 degrees intracranial tumor in adults

most common of benign brain neoplasms

Question 4

meningiomas ages

Answer 4

ages 40-70

2-3x more common in women

Question 5

pituitary adenomas

Answer 5

benign tumors derived from cells of the anterior portion of the pituitary gland

affects women during childbearing years

Question 6

pituitary adenomas secreting tumors

Answer 6

70% are secreting tumors (younger adults)

Question 7

non-secreting tumors pituitary adenomas

Answer 7

to occur in older adults

no treatment required

Question 8

pituitary adenomas pathogenesis

Answer 8

associated w/ genetic abnormalities in oncogenes

arise from a single cell (monoclonal = identical)

Question 9

clinical manifestations pituitary adenomas

Answer 9

caused by excess of pituitary hormones or pituitary insufficiency

hormonal symptoms

pituitary insufficiency

secondar pattern

tertiary pattern

Question 10

hormonal symptoms pituitary adenomas

Answer 10

galactorrhea

amenorrhea

gigantism

acromegaly

Cushing’s dz

Question 11

pituitary insufficiency pituitary adenomas

Answer 11

fatigue

weakness

hypogonadism

Question 12

secondary pattern pituitary adenomas

Answer 12

regression of secondary sexual characteristics and hypothyroidism

Question 13

tertiary pattern pituitary adenomas

Answer 13

neurologic findings

headache

bitemporal

vision loss

ocular palsy

Question 14

neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas

Answer 14

slow growing, benign tumors originating from schwann cells

Question 15

where do neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas most commonly develop

Answer 15

vestibular component of CN VIII

Question 16

where do neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas mainly occur

Answer 16

fourth to sixth decades of life

2:1 female to male occurrence ratio

Question 17

pathogenesis neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas

Answer 17

typically originate in the internal auditory canal in the transition zone of the oligodendroglia cells and PNS schwann cells

Question 18

how do neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas look

Answer 18

thickly encapsulated

highly vascular

consists of spindle-shaped cells lying in parallel rows

Question 19

clinical manifestations neurinoma/neuroma/schwannomas

Answer 19

typically present with unilateral hearing loss

tinnitus (ringing in ears)

vertigo

unsteadiness

facial numbness

difficulty swallowing

impaired eye movement

taste disturbances

Question 20

craniopharyngiomas

Answer 20

benign congenital tumors in the suprasellar region in the pituitary stalk adjacent to the optic chiasm

arise from remnants of Rathke’s poche and grow slowly from birth

Question 21

clinical manifestations craniopharyngiomas

Answer 21

pituitary hypofunction

visual difficulties

severe headaches

Question 22

hemangioblastoma/hemangiomas

Answer 22

benign slow-growing tumors typically arising in the posterior fossa

primarily in the cerebellar vermis or pons as solitary lesions w/ clearly indicated borders

Question 23

pathogenesis hemas

Answer 23

originate in blood vessel lining cells –> vascular conglomerate of endothelial cells, pericytes and stromal cells

often associated w/ von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

Question 24

clinical manifestation hemas

Answer 24

blockage of CSF results in increase of ICP and hydrocephalus

Question 25

benign intracranial hypertension

Answer 25

pseudotumor cerebri PTC --> increased ICP in the absence of a tumor or other disease mimics a tumor

Question 26

clinical manifestations benign intracranial hypertension

Answer 26

daily dull headaches (worst in the AM) nausea vomiting tinnitus diplopia due to CN2 & CN6 compression papilledema vision loss

Question 27

treatment benign intracranial hypertension

Answer 27

LP, acetazolamide --> decrease headaches (altitude sickness drug) optic nerve sheath decompression and fenestration shunting usually a lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt to relieve pressure

Question 28

radiation injury to CNS

Answer 28

acute and subacute transient symptoms may develop early, but progressive, permanent, often disabling nervous system damage may not appear for months to years

Question 29

injury is dependent on... (radiation injury to CNS)

Answer 29

dosage duration of exposure size of tissue exposed

Question 30

possible effects (radiation injury to CNS)

Answer 30

swelling decrease intellect memory impairment confusion personality change development of new tumors

Question 31

brain tumors implications for PT

Answer 31

may be significant neuromuscular and cardiopulmonary impairments should have knowledge of diagnosis/prognosis monitor consciousness, vital signs, body temp, signs of infecion pt positioning important (head elevated for fluid drainage) depression support rehab