TBI Flashcards
TBI
negative effect on brain function resulting from external physical force
almost 1/2 of those sustaining closed head injury die on site
what is the main cause of persistent morbidity
TBI
pathogenesis TBI
secondary damage = changes compromising brain function
(brain swelling and impaired perfusion)
TBI secondary changes
vascular changes
hypoxia
hypertension
parenchymal changes
compressive damage
vascular changes TBI
cerebral contusions
–> increased blood volume and ICP
hypoxia TBI
caused by blockages or by decreased O2 in blood from pulmonary insult
hypertension TBI
intracranial hypertension can interfere with cerebral perfusion
parenchymal changes TBI
axonal injury from shear and tensile forces disrupt the axolemma
–>impairs transport of proteins form the cell body and causes swelling of the axon
compressive damage TBI
increased in ICP can produce herniation
clinical manifestations TBI
cognitive and behavioral impairments
cranial nerve damage
motor deficits
heterotopic ossification
medical complications
cognitive and behavioral impairments TBI
problems w/ attention, memory, concentration and executive functions
cranial nerve damage
assess eye movement
facial nerve often damaged
hearing and vestibular dysfunction
lower cranial nerve palsies
motor deficits
monoplegia
hemiplegia
abnormal reflexes
heterotopic ossifications
abnormal bone growth around a joint
medical complications
cardiovascular effects
respiratory complications
intravascular coagulation
hyponatremia
diabetes insipidus
stress gastritis
infection
treatment TBI
acute
subacute
rehab
community re-entry
acute treatment TBI
goal is stabilization and prevention of secondary complications
subacute treatment TBI
maintain homeostasis in the brain
manage spasticity, seizures, aggressive behavior, depression
rehab treatment TBI
return to optimal function
restoration of mobility
self-care
employment
ADLs
community re-entry
to transition from rehab unit to independent living
concussion
mild TBI
symptoms concussion
headache
dizziness
variable amnesia
difficulty concentrating
depression
apathy
anxiety
how long do symptoms take to resolve concussion
7-10 days
diagnosis concussion
graded symptoms checklists
sports concussion assessment tool
