tumor specific LC part II Flashcards
most common primary bone tumor in dogs,
osa - 85%
age demographic of osa
mostly older
few early 18 - 24 mths
Primary rib OSA tends to occur in younger adult dogs, with a mean age of 4.5 to 5.4 years
frequency of axial osa
75% of OSAs occur in the appendicular skel- eton with the remainder occurring in the axial skeleton
breeds at risk for osa
Saint Bernard, Great Dane, Irish Setter, Doberman Pin- scher, Rottweiler, German Shepherd, and Golden Retriever; however, size seems to be a more important predisposing factor than breed
> 40kg
males slightly more than females
ezrin - what is it, why care
Ezrin is a cellular protein belonging to the ezrin-radixin-moesin family and serves as a physical and functional anchor site for cytoskeletal F-actin fibers - cell adhesion and motility
during metastatic progression PKC directed ezrin phosphorylation leads to migration of canine OSA cells
Based on RT-PCR, six of the OSA cell lines what percent of primary OSA tumor samples overexpressed HER2;
40%
suggest neg prog for survival
mTOR pathway and cancer
contributes to growth, survival, and chemotherapy resistance
select the pathways that are active in osa cell lines
HH/notch
mTOR
wnt/b catenin
all 3
sub classifications of osa
osteoblastic, chondroblastic, fibroblastic, poorly differentiated, and telangiectatic
differentials for osa
fungal osteomyelitis
ihc for osa
not great ihc more so look at osteoid matrix
C-kit
vimentin?
cyto stain for osa
ALP
diagnostic rate of trephine bx of osa
dx rate of jamshidi
94% - increases risk o pathologic fracture
92% for tumor vs not and 82% for sp tumor type
frequency of second bone lesion at dx of osa
what dx method
7.8%
Nuclear scintigraphy was found to be the most useful modality for the detection of occult bone metastases - can get false +
stages of osa
stage 1 - low grade no mets
stage 2 - high grade not mets
stage 3 - lesions with regional or distant mets regardless of the grade
ezrin and osa
it has been demonstrated in murine preclinical models that ezrin is necessary for OSA metastases
ezrin staining in primary tumors was associated with a significantly shorter median DFI (116 days -4 mth ) compared with dogs with low primary tumor ezrin staining (188 days - 6 mths)
RON MET and OSA prognosis
expression of RON, but not MET, was prognostic for survival
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) and RON are members of the MET protooncogene family of receptor tyrosine kinases, and signaling through MET or RON promotes tumorigenesis and the formation of metastases
Survivin and osa
small protein belonging to the inhibitor of apoptosis family and participates in the processes of cell division as well as apoptosis inhibition
inhibits both caspase-dependent and -independent mediated apoptosis, and its expression can promote tumorigenesis
surviving sign decreases DFI
in what species do spontaneous brain tumors occur
humans, dogs and cats
most common primary brain tumors in dogs
meningioma 45%
glioma 40%
choroid plexus tumors 5%
ependymomas, primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, primitive neuroecto- dermal tumors (PNETs), gliomatosis cerebri, and primary CNS histiocytic sarcoma (HS)
what percent of brain tumors are secondary brain tumors and what are the most common types
50%
HSA 29-35%
pituitary 11-25%
lymphoma 12-20%
met carcinoma 11 - 20%
There is a pro- pensity for PBTs in juvenile animals to be what type
neuroepithelial tumors of glial, neuronal, or embryonal origin
breeds over represented to form meningiomas
goldens, boxers, mini schnauzers, rat terriers
breed that gliomas are over represented
brachycephalic breeds - boxer Bostons bullmastiffs and English and French bulldogs