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Onco boards 2024 > Large/Exotic Animals > Flashcards

Large/Exotic Animals Flashcards

1
Q

What is a unique about rabbit LSA?

A

Cutaneous LSA more common in Europe than N. America

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2
Q

What is the most common equine intestinal neoplasia?

A

LSA then adenoCA then smooth muscle

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3
Q

What is the most common equine gastric tumor?

A

SCC - in non glandular portion

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4
Q

What is the most common bovine neoplasia?

A

lsa

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5
Q

What are the 2 different forms of LSA in cows and how do they develop it?

A

Sporadic-in young(1-3yr) juvenile, thymic, cutaneous;

Viral-enzootic BLV retrovirsus seen in older cow, cows persistent leukocytosis & minority develop LSA

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6
Q

What cutaneous rabbit tumors are caused by viruses?

A

Shope fibroma (Leporipoxvirus), Shope papilloma (Papovavirus) both spread by biting arthropods, regress unless immunosuppressed where they met/die

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6
Q

What are tx options for rabbit thymoma?

A

Surgery or RT-MST 313-727 days (excluded 3 that died acutely)

can also treat with chemo and pred

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7
Q

What kind of LSA do ferrets develop and where?

A

T cell, abdominal multicentric

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8
Q

What endocrine tumor in ferrets is induced by gonadectomy?

A

Adrenocrotical neoplasia (hyperadrenocorticism), secrete sex steroids not cortisol

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9
Q

What factors increase sex steroid production in ferret adrenocortical neoplasia?

A

Chronic increased LH, inhibin-α, p450, 17αhydroxylase/117,20 lyase & aromatase

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10
Q

What type of LSA is common in both rabbits and horses?

A

T cell rich B cell LSA

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11
Q

Is c-kit ever mutated in feline tumors and if so what exon?

A

Yes, 68% higher than dogs, exon8

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12
Q

What are two animal models for the study of human papillomavirus?

A

Bovine & cottontail rabbit

lower GI tumors??

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13
Q

What plant makes bovine papilloma SCC in GI & bladder?

A

Bracken fern

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14
Q

Rabbit ddx thymic disease in addition to thymoma

A

thymic abscess, thymic hyperplasia

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15
Q

Equine doxorubicin response rates

A

carcinoma PR 50%, melanoma 0-25% CR, LSA 100% (another sources says 47% LSA)

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16
Q

hormone receptors and rabbit mammary carcinoma

A

ER-α and PR status may have prognostic significance, since ER-α- or PR-negative tumors have significantly higher mitotic rates than ER-α- or PR-positive tumors

argues against an influence of estrogen and progesterone on cancer progression

most lack ER and PR receptors
possible influence of prolactin

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17
Q

The most common tumor in the female rabbit

A

uterine carcinoma

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18
Q

Marek’s disease

A

caused by a herpesvirus
virus causes proliferation of lymphocytes in the heart, ovary, liver and lung, as well as in the eyes, in the feather follicles, or in the nervous system

Marek’s disease primarily affects young birds (6-20 weeks) and mortality can be high.
The virus is very contagious and is spread through direct contact (bird-to-bird aerosols and secretions) and indirect contact (contaminated material).

The virus concentrates in feather follicles and can also be shed in dander - where to look for mareks **

CS: unilateral (one-sided) paralysis, splayed leg

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19
Q

most common tumor in the adult female chicken

A

Carcinomatosis, within the coelomic cavity
due to metastatic adenocarcinomas arising from the ovary, oviduct, or pancreas

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20
Q

other than humans what species develops spontaneous ovarian cancer

A

chickens

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21
Q

most common skin tumor of the horse

A

Sarcoids are the most common skin tumor

Common sites for growth are on the ear, neck or around the eyelids.

They are caused by bovine papillomavirus (BPV)

some are hairless circles, others are wart like thickened bumps, some are smooth firm lumps and still others are fleshy, ulcerated masses

occult, verrocous, fibroblastic, nodular, mixed, malignant

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22
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma in the horse

A

external genitalia and around the eyes, including the cornea and third eyelid

cauliflowers or ulcerated pits in the tissue

can be very aggressive locally occasionally spread inside the body, usually to the stomach

UV light induced

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23
Q

melanoma of the horse

A

Melanomas are a common tumor of gray horses: over 80% of gray horses over 10 years.

NOT associated with UV

Autosomal dominant phenotype in gray horses 4.6 kb
duplication within intron 6 of the Syntaxin 17 (STX17) and
high NR4A3

grow slowly eyes, perianal, tail

in non gray horses they may behave more aggressively

Melanocytic neavous
Melanocytoma (<5 yr)
Dermal melanoma (>10 yr)
Malignant melanoma (any color)

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24
Q

What is the most common skin tumor in ferrets?

A

MCT: Generally cutaneous; visceral involvement is rare. Single or multiple raised, well-circumscribed, hairless nodules from 2mm to 1 cm. May be associated with pruritus and cause self-excoriation.Diagnosed and treated with surgical biopsy.

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25
Q

What are the two forms of LSA in ferrets?

A

Juvenile lymphosarcoma, < 2 years old - Fast-growing, aggressive lymphoblastic disease.

Adult lymphosarcoma, > 4 years old - Slow-growing, chronic lymphocytic disease.
● Poor prognosis
< 10% respond to chemotherapy.
Short-term palliative relief may be achieved with administration of prednisone.

26
Q

What are the common signs of adrenal associated tumors in ferrets?

A

Bilateral alopecia, Swollen vulva and vaginal discharge, stump pyometra in spayed jill, Urinary blockage or dysuria in males, Excessive mounting behavior and aggression in both sexes.

Chronic cases: Anemia, bone marrow suppression, Muscle wasting, Posterior weakness and lethargy.

● Signs are secondary to hyperestrogenism due to adrenal tumor.
● Termed ferret hyperadrenocorticism but is NOT like canine Cushing’s disease with elevated cortisol levels; ferrets have elevated estrogen. (salt, sugar, sex = GFR = zona granulosa, fasiculata, reticularis

27
Q

The serological detection of Bovine papillomavirus’s E5 oncoprotein antibodies in horses

A

ELISA test by utilising the C terminal peptide of the E5 oncoprotein
associated with equine sarccoids

28
Q

Tumor microenvironment and stroma in intestinal adenocarcinomas and associated metastases in Atlantic salmon broodfish

A

In intestinal tumors, substantial amounts of T cells were detected in the stroma, whilst MHC class II+ cells were mainly among the cancerous cells

Mast cells showed a strong association with stroma

Ig+ cells were scattered around the metastatic tissue in no particular pattern, but were occasionally observed within clusters of tumor cells. Small numbers of mast cells were detected in the stroma

29
Q

Cytokine expression in the eye and brain of chickens following infection with a very virulent plus Marek’s disease virus strain

A

up regulation of inflammatory cytokines- While proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IL-18), iNOS, IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-15 were upregulated in the brain early and Late, only IL-8 and IFN-γ were upregulated in the eye at both times

No differences were found in any of the viral transcripts between eye and brain during early dz. However, during the Late disease, the levels of meq viral transcripts were higher in the eye than in the brain

30
Q

RNA-seq analysis of viral gene expression in the skin of Marek’s disease virus

A

Performed rna seq - 42 viral genes that were differentially expressed in the skin of infected birds

involved in DNA replication, capsid, tegument, and envelope formation

higher expression of the genes was observed in the skin of the susceptible line than the resistant line.

significantly higher expression of the genes in the skin of either lines than the spleen

31
Q

Partial parotid sialoadenectomy in a horse with parotid ductal carcinoma

A

case report

32
Q

Multiple myeloma presenting as blepharitis in a horse

A

marked hyperglobulinemia
bone marrow >30% plasma cells

33
Q

Lymphoma with Mott cell differentiation and validation of immunohistochemical lymphoid markers in an African pygmy hedgehog

A

expressed the transcription factor Pax5, which drives B-cell differentiation, and a minority expressed transcription factor IRF4/MUM-1, which drives plasma cell differentiation, indicating B-cell lymphoma with plasmacytoid differentiation

34
Q

Circulating melanin-containing cells and neutrophils with phagocytized melanin granules in a horse with disseminated melanoma

A
35
Q

mammary carcinoma bovine paraneoplastic syndrome

A

rare hypercalcemia

36
Q

Pot-bellied Vietnamese pig with visceral mast cell tumors and mastocytemia

A
37
Q

Morphological and immunohistochemical characterization and molecular classification of spontaneous mammary gland tumors in macropods (kangaroo)

A

red kangaroo most common
none were HER2 pos
all were PR + some were ER and EGFR+

38
Q

Outcome of external beam radiotherapy for treatment of noncutaneous tumors of the head in horses

A

63% AEs- this did not affect outcome or survival

Horses with tumors of the maxilla/nasal cavity had significantly shorter median OS compared to horses with tumors in other locations (21 months vs 145 months)

Fifteen out of 32 (47%) horses had complications related to anesthesia, the presence of the tumor itself or radiation therapy

Fourteen horses had major complications (44%) including 1 or more of: acute respiratory difficulty, thrombophlebitis, corneal ulceration, colic and trismus

Minor complications (9.4%) included 1 or more of redness or pain at the site of therapy, tooth loss due to regression of the tumor, and transient fever.

39
Q

ALVAC-fIL2, a feline interleukin-2 immunomodulator, as a treatment for sarcoids in horses

A

Intratumoral injection of ALVAC‐fIL2 has promise as a well‐tolerated and effective, tissue‐sparing treatment for horses with sarcoid tumors

Tumor size decreased in 86% of the horses, and the median time to first response was 89 days

Median time to best response was 211 days

transient inflammation in 2 horses

40
Q

Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Masses in Domestic Pet Rabbits

A

Cutaneous masses 47%: trichoblastoma > nodular panniculitis > epithelial/mesenchymal (viral induced by Shope papilloma or myxomatosis)

Mammary 21% with 94% of these malignant
Repro 9% - typically uterine adenocarcinoma

ISS like cats and occular posttramuatic sarcoma also reported

41
Q

Clinical and pathological findings of rabbits with lymphoma

A

8 years,
DBCL most common
⅚ patients receiving chemo (various protocols) had response
MST for 11 rabbits 60d
B cell 8 days (1-150), and T 36d (1-90

42
Q

Development of renal adenocarcinoma in a ferret with renal cortical cysts

A

neoplastic transformation of the cyst

43
Q

Retrospective evaluation of clinical outcome after chemotherapy for lymphoma in 15 equids

A

CR in 5 horses 33%
PR in 9 60%
SD in 1 horse
ORR 93.3%
MST 8 months (1 - 46 mths)

44
Q

commercially available thymidine kinase 1 assay for diagnosis of lymphoma in 42 hospitalized horses

A

Serum TK1 values were not predictive of lymphoma diagnosis in this cohort of horses

** impt

caution- this is from JVIM 2021 paper saying the commercial test is bad there is a BMC 2021 paper that says tk1 it is a good marker!! Conflicting evidence

45
Q

Clinical presentation and treatment of lymphoma in companion rats

A

Respiratory abnormalities most common presentation for the 7 rats diagnosed with lymphoma (pulmonary nodules, cr mediastinal widening, alteration to cardiac silhouette present)
MST </= 24 days with chemotherapy

46
Q

Lymphoid leukemia in five bearded dragons

A

All had PR to CCNU

st 57 - 416 days

47
Q

Clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of cutaneous and oral squamous cell carcinoma in avian species

A

SCC in birds best treated with complete excision, MS 628d - 1.7 yrs

Palliative care or monitoring MST171 days <6 mths

Other treatments which included cryotherapy, RT, strontium, intralesional chemo results in MST 357d

48
Q

Unusual splenic B-cell lymphoma in two related Sumatran tigers

A

sire tiger got ccnu and lived 21 months
child tiger got lspar had no response then had splenectomy and receives long term pred and is still alive

49
Q

Rapid clinical progression of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a horse

A

Lived 6 weeks after initiating treatment with chlorambucil and pred

50
Q

Successful radiation treatment of undertail fibrosarcoma in a Major Mitchell’s cockatoo

A

3 gy x 20
tumor decreased in size
no AE
has not regrown

51
Q

Adaptive radiation therapy using weekly hypofractionation for thymoma treatment: A retrospective study of 10 rabbits

A

PFS 561 days, OST 634 days
tumor volume decreased with each weekly treatment (30Gy total)
Replanning should be anticipated with this schedule

52
Q

KIT mutations in mast cell tumours from cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and domestic cats (Felis catus)

A

KIT exon 6, 8, 9 in domestic cats with no impact on grade or MI
KIT mutation conserved in cheetahs but tumor pathogenesis not understood

53
Q

Most common tumor in goats?

A

LSA - can also get lymphocyte rich thymoma

54
Q

% homology equine tyrosinase to human?

A

90% - similar to dogs suggest Oncept would be beneficial

  • No published literate of RR but ongoing trials funded by Merk and anecdotal benefit
55
Q

Clin path changes and MST horse gastric SCC?

A
  • Anemia (37%) and hypercalcemia of malignancy (25%) described
  • Median time from onset of CS to death 4 weeks
56
Q

MTD and DLT doxorubicin in horse?

A

MTD 75 mg/m2 q 3 week (rec giving 70)
DLT = hyersensitivity & neutropenia
- pre tx w/ NSAID and Benadryl

57
Q

Bovine leukemia virus - type of virus and MOA?

A
  • Delta retrovirus – integrates into B-cell DNA
  • Contains oncogene for Tax protein
  • Horizontal transmission – saliva, milk from dam to offspring
  • Uses cell to cell contact for transmission
  • Most infections subclinical – 30% develop persistent lymphocytosis
  • 1-3% develop LSA by age 4-8 yrs
58
Q

Endemic form of lymphoma in cows associated with BLV

A
  • B cell lineage
  • Typically older (>4 years)
  • 30% BLV persistent lymphocytosis – needed to know if the lymphocytosis was polyclonal** IT IS!
  • Gp51 – only 1.7% of positive cattle have LSA
59
Q

Non BLV bovine LSA

A
  • Generalized lymphadenopathy in calves
  • Thymic form (calves 6 mo to 2 yr)
  • Cutaneous form (1-3 years)
60
Q

Gene associated with melanoma formation in horses?

A

STX17 gene duplication and mutation in the ASIP gene that increases MC1R pathway signaling

61
Q

Which IHC is positive for chickens with Mareks?

A

CD3

62
Q

Which IHC is positive for Avian Leukosis?

A
  • Pax5
  • CD20 does not work on birds

Onco boards 2024 (17 decks)

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