tumor specific 25% LC Flashcards
what is the only fda approved veterinary therapy that is adaptive and specific ?
xenogenic DNA vaccine
- oncept
Most common loss of heterozygosity ?
mutations in tumor suppressor genes - p53
examples of loss of heterozygosity mutations
p53
PTCH
BRAF (human melanoma)
loss of INK4a (familial cut melanoma)
common locations of melanoma
- digital, nail bed, foot padn- dog
- haired skin
- oral cavity
- GI tract
- eye,
- nasal cavity
- anal sac
- mucocutaneous junctions
Oral melanoma, should you remove unilateral LN vs both LN vs no literature to support removing LN ?
histologic examination of the LN is recommended either through excision of the major LNs of the head and neck or sentinel LN (SLN) mapping
Selective lymphadenectomy avoids the indiscriminate extirpation of multiple LNs and, because it is a less extensive surgical dissection, reduces the risk of postoperative complications
equine melanoma treated with doxorubicin response rate
25% CR
ORR 47%
location of metastatic melanomas
lymph nodes, lungs, liver, meniges, adrenal gland
most common oral malignancy in the dog and common locations
melanoma
gingiva, lips, tongue, and hard pal- ate
oral melanoma common breeds
goldens, scottish terriers, chow chows, poodles, dachshunds
differentials for oral tumors
melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, acanthomatous ameloblastoma, and peripheral odontogenic fibroma
melanoma ihc cocktail
PNL2, Melan A, S100, tyrosinase, vimentin
BRAF mutations are common in human UV induced melanoma are they common in dog oral melanoma
no but they do have downstream ERK constituative activation
melanoma- associated genes clustered in the areas related to what pathways and processes
focal adhesion and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, extracellular matrix–receptor interactions, and protein digestion and absorption
a small subset of dogs with malignant melanoma have mutations in what gene at what exon
c-kit exon 11
biologic behavior of haired skin melanoma
benign
surgery is curative with clean margins
What kind of vaccine is the k9 melanoma vax ONCEPT?
Xenogenic plasmid with human tyrosinase
What are prognostic factors for digit/nailbed tumors?
High stage regardless histo
distant mets in melanoma
Tx and survival times for digit/nailbed SCC?
Dog with sx good 2yr 40% and subungal better with 2yr 75%,
Cat 73days-30wk
2.5 mths - 7.5 mths
Tx and survival for digit melanoma? stage 1
Amp MST 12 months 1yr survivial ~ 50%
2 yr survival 12%
sx+Vax MST 476 days (16mths)
digital melanoma metastasis at diagnosis
30 - 40 %
how do dogs with digital melanoma die from their disease
distant or local mets
What are some molecular pathways that are mutated/changed with melanoma?
C-erb2, c-myc, BRAF(human), VEGF, β catnenin
What are prognositic factors for skin melanoma?
Histology, mitotic, location, breed, DNA ploidy, proliferation, lymphatic invasion
What are prognostic factors for oral melanoma?
Mitotic, size, stage, mets, bone lysis, location