Tumor Progression

Question 1

Stage IV

Answer 1

Distal metastasis

Question 2

Mohs surgery

Answer 2

Procedure in which a tumor is removed and examined intraoperatively by a pathologist to ensure surgical margins are free of cancer-containing tissue, with additional tissue excised as necessary to obtain this outcome.

Question 3

Clinical staging vs pathologic staging

Answer 3

Clinical: Estimate based on results of physical exams, maging, and biopsies

Pathologic: Obtained via surgical analysis and intraoperative biopsy. More precise.

Question 4

If there is a melanoma in situ, it is automatically. . .

Answer 4

T_IS, therefore Stage 0.

Question 5

Stage II

Answer 5

Local metastasis

Question 6

Stage 0

Answer 6

In situ disease. It is not yet cancer, but is a precursor lesion that if untreated is likely to progress

Question 7

Stage III

Answer 7

Regional metastasis

Question 8

Ipilimumab

Answer 8

Anti-CTLA-4

(checkpoint blockade)

Question 9

If invasinve cancer is identified in one area, the next step is to. . .

Answer 9

survey the sentinel lymph node for that area.

Question 10

TNM system for melanoma

Answer 10

T: Extent of tumor (thickness, ulceration)

N: Spread to regional lymph nodes

M: Metastasis

Question 11

Stage I

Answer 11

Local disease (progression through basement membrane)

Question 12

Breslow measurement

Answer 12