Tumor Markers/Stains

Question 1

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

Answer 1

Mets to bone or liver, Paget disease of bone, seminoma

*Check LFTs and GGT to r/o liver issue

Question 2

Alpha fetoprotien (AFP)

Answer 2

HCC, Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor, Mixed germ cell tumor, Ataxia-telangiectasia, Neural tube defects
*if low think Down syndrome

Question 3

beta-hCG

Answer 3

Hydatidiform moles, ChorioCA, Gestational trophoblastic disease, testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor

Question 4

CA15-3

Answer 4

Breast cancer

Question 5

CA27-29

Answer 5

Breast cancer

Question 6

CA19-9

Answer 6

Pancreatic AdenoCA

Question 7

CA 125

Answer 7

Ovarian cancer

Question 8

Calcitonin

Answer 8

Medullary thyroid CA, MEN2A/2B

Question 9

CEA

Answer 9

Colorectal, pancreatic cancers

Nonspecific

Question 10

Chromogranin

Answer 10

Neuroendocrine tumors

Question 11

LDH

Answer 11

Testicular germ cell tumors, ovarian dysgerminoma

*tumor burden

Question 12

PSA

Answer 12

Prostate cancer

Question 13

Vimentin

Answer 13

Mesenchymal tissue (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, Macs)
Mesenchymal tumors (sarcoma), endometrial CA, renal cell CA, meningioma

Question 14

S-100

Answer 14

Neural Crest Cells

Melanoma, Schwannoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Question 15

Desmin

Answer 15

Muscle

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 16

Cytokeratin

Answer 16

Epithelial Cells

Epithelial tumors

Question 17

GFAP

Answer 17

Neuroglia (Astrocytes, Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes)

Astrocytoma, Glioblastoma

Question 18

Neurofilament

Answer 18

Neurons

Question 19

TRAP

Answer 19

Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase

Hairy Cell Leukemia

Question 20

Chromogranin and synaptophysin

Answer 20

Neuroendocrine cells

small cell CA of lung, Carcinoid tumor