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Oncology > Tumor Markers > Flashcards

Tumor Markers Flashcards

1
Q

Define Tumor Markers

A

Glycoprotein molecules in the blood that are detected by monoclonal antibodies

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2
Q

Usefulness of Tumor Markers

A

Screening
Determining diagnosis & prognosis
Assessing response to therapy
Monitoring for CA recurrence

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3
Q

Where are tumor markers found?

A

Blood
Urine
Body tissue

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4
Q

Function of Tumor Markers

A

Help detect, diagnose & manage some types of cancers

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5
Q

“Ideal” Tumor Marker

A

Highly specific to a specific cancer
Highly sensitive
Long lead time
Levels correlate with tumor burden

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6
Q

Limitations of Tumor Markers

A

Elevated marker level may be caused by another condition/disease
Some levels may be high in people without cancer
Levels may vary over time
Almost everyone has small amount of a marker
Levels get higher only when large amount of cancer present
Some people with cancer never have high levels

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7
Q

Multiple Factors with Tumor Markers

A

Persons age & gender
Which test kit the alb uses
How test is done

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8
Q

CA 15-3 & CA 27.29 Cancer Type

A

Breast Cancer

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9
Q

CA 15-3 & CA 27.29 Tissue Analyzed

A

Blood

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10
Q

How is CA 15-3 & CA 27-29 used?

A

Assess whether treatment is working or disease has reocurred

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11
Q

What Cancers is CA15-3 & CA 270-29 found in?

A 
Colon
Gastric
Hepatic
Lung
Pancreatic
Ovarian
Prostate
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12
Q

Benign Conditions that CA15-3 & CA27-29 are found in?

A

Kidney disease

Cystic disease

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13
Q

CEA Cancer Type

A

Colorectal

Breast

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14
Q

CEA Tissue Analyzed

A

Blood

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15
Q

How is CEA used?

A

Check if colorectal cancer has spread
Look for breast cancer recurrence
Assess breast cancer response to treatment

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16
Q

What is CEA found in?

A 
Breast
Lung
Gastric
Thyroid
Lymphoma
Melanoma
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17
Q

Benign Conditions with Elevated CEA

A 
Cigarette smoking
PUD
IMBS
Pancreatitis
Cirhosis
Hyperthyroidism
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18
Q

Cancer Types for CA 19-9

A

Pancreatic (most common)
Gallbaldder
Bile duct
Gastric CA

19
Q

Tissue Analyzed for CA 19-9

A

Blood

20
Q

How is CA 19-9 used?

A

Assess if treatment is working

21
Q

CA 19-9 Found in

A

Colon
Esophageal
Hepatic

22
Q

AFP Cancer Types

A

Liver

Germ cell tumors

23
Q

Tissue Anayzed for AFP

A

Blood

24
Q

How is AFP used?

A

Help diagnose liver cancer & follows response to treatment
Assess stage, prognosis, & response to treatment of germ cell tumors

25
Q

AFT Found In

A

Gastric CA
Biliary CA
Pancreatic CA

26
Q

Benign Conditions with Elevated AFP

A

Cirrhosis
Hepatitis
Pregnancy

27
Q

B-HCG Cancer Types

A

Choriocarcinoma

Testicular CA

28
Q

Tissue Analyzed for B-HCG

A

Urine

Blood

29
Q

How is B-HCG used?

A

Assess stage, prognosis, & response to treatment

Non-seminomatous germ cell tumors

30
Q

B-HCG Found In

A

Gastrointestinal CA

31
Q

Benign Conditions with Elevated B-HCG

A

Pregnancy
Hypogonadism
Marijuana use

32
Q

CA 125 Cancer Type

A

Ovarian CA

33
Q

Tissue Analyze for CA 125

A

Blood

34
Q

How is CA 125 used?

A

Help diagnose, assessment of response to treatment and evaluations

35
Q

CA 125 Found In

A 
Endometrial
Fallopian tube
Breast
Lung
Esophageal
Hepatic
36
Q

Benign Conditions with Elevated CA 125

A 
Menstruation
Fibroids
Cirrhoidsis
Ascites
Pregnancy
37
Q

PSA Cancer Type

A

Prostate CA

38
Q

Tissue Analyzed for PSA

A

Blood

39
Q

How is PSA used?

A

Help diagnose, assess response to treatment, & look for recurrence

40
Q

PSA Found In

A

Prostate CA

41
Q

Benign Conditions with Elevated PSA

A

Prostatitis
Prostate hypertrophy
Post ejaculation

42
Q

What medications will decrease the PSA by half?

A

Finasteride (Proscar)

Dutasteride (Avodart)

43
Q

Screening of PSA

A

Not recommended in average risk 40-54 year olds

Discussion about risk vs. benefits in 55-69 year olds

44
Q

Post Treatment PSA

A

Rise in levels after radical prostatectomy suggest recurrence

Oncology (11 decks)

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