Introduction Flashcards
Role of the PCP in Cancer
Prevention
Screening
Diagnosis
Management of symptoms (treatment or CA)
Prevention of Cancer
Tobacco cessation Nutrition Physical activity Moderate alcohol consumption Weight management Decrease sun exposure Decrease medical radiation
Most Common Cause of Preventable Cancer Death
Tobacco
What lowers the risk of several GI cancers?
Fruits & vegetables
High intake of what is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer?
Red meat
Cancers & Type 2 Diabetes
Increased risk in liver, pancreas, & endometrium CA
Lower increased risk of colon, breast, & bladder CA
Decreased risk of prostate CA
Increased Physical Activity can Decrease Risk of What Cancers
Liver Pancreas Stomach Endometrial Prostate Breast Colon
How Exercise Decreases CA Risk
Decreased insulin levels
Improved immune function
Altering levels of hormones, growth factors, prostaglandins, & build acid metabolism
Excessive ETOH Increases Risk of what CA
H&N
Esophagus
Liver
Obesity & Cancers
Breast Uterine Colorectal Esophageal Renal
Medical/Ionizing Radiation
Effects cumulative
Majority from CT scans
Define Ionizing Radiation
Causes electrons to detach from subatomic particles forming free radicals
Problems with Free Radicals
Interfere with chemical bonds
DNA mutation or cell death
Damage to essential cellular enzymes
Radiation Induced Cancers
Myeloma Leukemia Lung CA Thyroid CA Breast CA Bone CA Skin CA
How to protect patients from medical radiation?
Protect patients from medical imaging studies must be limited & medically justified
What does UV radiation cause?
Genetic mutations & interferes with the body’s ability to reject abnormal cells
Define Neoplasia
Abnormal proliferation of cells in a tissue or organ
Define Hyperplasia
Proliferation of cells within an organ that may result in gross enlargement in response to a physiological stimulus
Remains under normal regulatory control
Define Hypertrophy
Increase in cell size
Define Dysplasia
Early form of pre-cancerous transformation detected in a biopsy or Pap-smear
Define Carcinoma “in situ”
“cancer in place”
Cells have lost their tissue identity, growth is rapid & without regulation
Not invasie
Define Invasive Carcinoma
Invading beyond the original tissue layer or location
May metastasize
Define Metaplasia
Changes in response to chronic physical or chemical irritation that causes the mucus secreting ciliated epithelium to be replaced by simple squamous epithelium
Cancer Management Team
Medical oncologist Radiation oncologist Surgical oncologist Palliative care Dietitian Social work Research nurse Gastroenterologist Pulmonologist Surgeons Dentist Radiologist Pathologist
Define Oncologist
Physician who specialize in the treatment of malignancies
Surgical Oncologists
H&N surgeons Orthopedic oncologists Gyn-oncologists Neuro-surgical oncologists Colorectal surgeons Thoracic oncologists Ocular oncologists Oral surgeons
Other Specialists Multidisciplinary Management of Cancer
Neurologists Maxillofacial specialists Physiatrists-Physical medicine Psychiatrists Pain Management Pathologists
Pharmacists in Cancer Care
Chemotherapy Pain management Immunotherapy Toxicity management Research drugs
Nurses in Cancer Care
Oncology nurses Med/Surg & ICU Ostomy nurses Wound care specialists Pain management specialists Home care nursing Hospice nursing
Support Personnel in Cancer Care
Social work Psychologists Neurobiologist & psychometrics Wig fitters Prosthetist Mastectomy Fitters Speech pathology Physical therapy Nutrition Integrative medicine specialists
Define Palliative Care
Interdisciplinary care of the patient & family
Focus on relieving suffering, improving QOL
Pain & symptom management
Bereavement support
Most Common Cancer in Women
Breast
Most Common Cancer in Men
Prostate
Cancer that Causes Most Deaths in Men & Women
Lung
