Tumor Markers Flashcards
What are the different types of tumor markers
Oncofetal antigens Hormones Carbohydrate markers Proteins Enzymes
Oncofetal oncogenes
Oncofetal antigens- produced during foetal life- disappear after birth
Reappear in cancer patients
Eg: alpha-feto protein (AFP) and cancinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Types of Hormone markers
Calcitonin Growth hormone Parathyroid hormone Prolactin HCG
Types of Carbohydrate markers
High molecular weight glycoproteins
CA 125
CA 549
Types of Protein markers
Beta- micro globulin C-peptide Ferritin Immunoglobulin (Bence jones proteins) Prostate specific antigen (PSA)
Types of Enzyme markers
Amylase
Alkaline phosphatase
Prostatic acid phosphatase
Lactate dehydrogenase
What are the associated cancer/ tumor for Oncofetal antigens
AFP- hepatocellular, germ cell
Cancinoembryonic antigens- colorectal, GI, pancratic, lung
What are the associated cancer/ tumor for hormone markers
Calcitonin- thyroid
Growth hormone- pituitary adenoma, renal, lung
Parathyroid hormone- liver, renal, breast, lung
Prolactin- pituitary adenoma, renal, lung
HCG- teratoma of testes, choriocarcinoma
What are the associated cancer/ tumor for carbohydrate markers
CA 125- ovarian, endometrial
CA 549- breast, ovarian
What are the associated cancer/ tumor for protein markers
Beta- micro globulin : multiple myeloma, B-cell lymphoma
C-peptide : insulinoma
Ferritin : liver, lung, breast, leukaemia
IG ( Bence Jones protein) : multiple myeloma
PSA- prostate
What are the associated cancer/ tumor for enzyme markers
Amylase- pancreatic
ALP- bone, liver, leukaemia, sarcoma
Prostatic acid phosphatase- prostate
Lactate dehydrogenase- liver, lymphomas, leukaemia
What is a tumor marker
Biological substance synthesised and released by cancer cells and found in an increased amount in blood/body fluids/ tissues which may suggest the presence of a type of cancer
