Tumor Immunobiology Flashcards
tumor antigens: driver mutations
wh: mutations that result in changes in oncogenes or tumor suppressors that directly lead to malignancy.
wy: a type of tumor antigen
tumor antigens: passenger mutation
wh: non-malignant mutations in cancerous cells that tickle the immune response into action
tumor antigens: normal proteins (1)
- over-expression
2. inappropriate expression for developmental stage
evasion: antigen loss variants
tumors that lack markers for immune response
therapy: passive immunization
wh: immune effectors are injected into patients
wh r exs:
1. CD20 antibodies to treat B cell lymphomas
2. adoptive cellular immunotherapy
therapy: adoptive cellular immuno-therapy
wh: a population of T cells infiltrates are isolated from tumor tissue in a patient, expanded with growth factors, and reinjected back into the patient
therapy: tumor-pulsed dendritic cells
wh: growth of dendritic cells from a patient, exposure to a tumor antigen, re-injection back into a patient
therapy: blockade of immune inhibitory signals
wh. just like it sounds
hw:
1. CTLA4
2. PD-1
* can have nasty side effects
therapy: cytokine infusion
wh: exactly like it sounds
wh r examples:
IL-2 treatment
PAPs
receptors that recognize broad classes of molecules and “govern the generation of adaptive immunity”
“TLR have been shown to play an important role in initiation and modulation of adaptive immune responses (via effects on dendritic cells), T helper subset differentiation, and immune tolerance”
“They induce dendritic cell maturation, expression co-stimulatory molecules, and exert complex effects on Th1 and Th2 polarization of CD4+ helper cell responses”
Chp 3 antigen capture and presentation to lympohcytes
Cross presentation by dendritic cells is necessary but not sufficient for CD8 dependent cytotoxic response. CD4 costimulators are also required
