Innate Immunity

Question 1

synonyms: PMN

Answer 1

Neutrophil

Polymorphonuclear cell

Question 2

selectin

Answer 2

wh: cell adhesion molecules
whr: by endothelial cells
wn: local inflammation
f(x): promoting rolling of neutrophils

Question 3

integrins (PMN)

Answer 3

wh: cell anchoring molecules
whr: PMN cells
wn: rolling PMNs, inflammatory agents
f(x): bind to ICAMs, facilitate chemotaxis

Question 4

process: neutrophil rolling/ chemotaxis

Answer 4

bold words: selectin, rolling, ICAMs, integrins, chemokine gradients

Question 5

NK cells: activating receptors

Answer 5

wh: receptor, binds to stressed cells
whr: NK cells surface
wn: constitutive
f(x): activates killing/ cytokine

Question 6

NK cells: inhibitory receptors

Answer 6

wh: receptors, bind to MHCI
whr: NK cell surfaces
wn: constitutively expressed
f(x): prevent killing (autoimmunity)

Question 7

Mast cells and Basophils release:

Answer 7

histamine, cytokines, TNFalpha, IL-8, IL-5, and Platelet Activating Factor
Effect: vasodilation, vascular permeability, neutrophil attraction, eosinophils, and basophils

Question 8

Major Basic Protein

Answer 8

a protein released by eosinophils that targets helminths and other invaders too large to be phagocytosed

Question 9

synonyms: Langerhans Cell, IDC, FDC

Answer 9

Dendritic Cells
Langerhans Cells-skin
Interdigitating cells- lymph node, T cell area
Follicular Cells- lymphoid tissue

Question 10

Langerhans Cells

Answer 10

dendritic cells of the skin

Question 11

Interdigitating Cells

Answer 11

dendritic cells of the lymph node, T cell area

Question 12

Follicular Dendritic Cells

Answer 12

lymphoid tissue, b cell follicles

Question 13

monocytes

Answer 13

macrophages, blood stream

Question 14

kupffer cells

Answer 14

macrophages, liver

Question 15

mesangial cells

Answer 15

macophages, kidney

Question 16

alveolar macrophages (dust cells)

Answer 16

lungs

Question 17

microglial cells

Answer 17

brain

Question 18

mechanism: movement of macrophage to microbe

Answer 18

chemotactic signals (MDP, C)

Question 19

attachment to the phagocyte surface

Answer 19

mannose, C, and Fc receptors

Question 20

endocytosis of microbe into a phagosome

Answer 20

invagination of surface membrane

Question 21

fusion of phagosome with a lysosome

Answer 21

microtubules involved

Question 22

killing of microbe

Answer 22

oxygen dependent : ROS, NO

independent: lysosomal proteins

Question 23

phagocyte oxidase

Answer 23

converts molecular oxygen into superoxide anion and free radicals

Question 24

chronic granulomatous disease

Answer 24

defect in phaogcyte oxidase

Question 25

NOD is to ____ as TLR is to ____

Answer 25

intracellular pattern receptors v. | extracellular pattern receptors

Question 26

mannose receptors

Answer 26

f(x): mannosyl/fucosyl structures | wr: macrophages, endothelial, dendritic

Question 27

CD14

Answer 27

f(x): lipopolysaccharide | wr: macrophages

Question 28

scavenger receptors

Answer 28

f(x): carbohydrates or lipids | wr: macrophages

Question 29

toll-like receptors

Answer 29

f(x): LPS, peptidoglycan, glucans | wr: APCs, macrophages, lymphocytes, other cells

Question 30

PRR

Answer 30

wh: pattern recognition receptors | f(x): germline expressed receptors that recognized patterns on pathogenic molecules

Question 31

Interferon Type I

Answer 31

wh: IFN alpha/ beta whr: all nucleated cells wn: virally infected cells f(x): prevent protein synthesis

Question 32

Interferon Type II

Answer 32

wh: IFN gamma whr: leukocytes NK cells, CD4/CD8 Tcells wn: viral infection f(x): increases phagocytic activity

Question 33

C-reactive protein

Answer 33

wh: C-reative protein f(x): binds bacterial phosphoryl cholin activates *C*

Question 34

SAA

Answer 34

wh: Serum Amyloid A | f(x): activates C and acts as an opsonin

Question 35

MBP

Answer 35

wh:mannose binding protein | f(x):binds mannose on bacteria, activates C

Question 36

complement proteins

Answer 36

f(x): chemotaxis, opsonization, enhancement of microbial killing

Question 37

metal binding proteins

Answer 37

removes metal ions required for bacterial growht

Question 38

alpha1, anti-trypsin, anti-chymotrypsin

Answer 38

protease inhibitors