Tumor Immunity Flashcards
2 Arms of the Immune System
- Innate
- Adaptive
Does the innate immune system have memory?
no
Humoral Immunity
B cell component of the adaptive immune system, in which B cells mature into plasma cells and produce immunoglobulins (antibodies)
All immunoglobulins begin as what type before class-switching?
IgM
3 Things Immunoglobulins/Antibodies Do
- Neutralization
- Opsonization
- Complement Activation
Memory Response
long lived B cells that can react quickly to an antigen
Neutralization
Ab can directly bind to the pathogen (ex: antivenom)
Opsonization
the antibody acts as a bridge between the pathogen and the phagocyte
the Ab recognizes the pathogen, and then the phagocyte recognizes the Fc region on the Ab
Are CD20 surface antigens present on all B cells?
yes
The Big 3 of Human Immunoglobulin Therapy
- Rituxan
- Avastin
- Herceptin
hybridoma
a culture of hybrid cells that results from the fusion of B cells and myeloma cells in order to produce large amounts of identical monoclonal antibody
4 Different Types/Stages of Monoclonal Antibodies, for example
- Murine
- Chimeric
- Humanized
- Human
Antibody Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis (ADCP)
Ab binds to cancer cell and recruits macrophages the phagocytose the cell; opsonization pathway
Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Ab binds to cancer cell and recruits NK cells the release factors to lyse the cancer cell; opsonization pathway
Direct Effects of Ab binding to cancer cell
can alter intracellular signaling, or inhibit function of growth factor receptors or adhesion molecules
Complement Activation
Ab signals the complement system to drop membrane attack complex (MAC) onto cancer cell
What can we do to enhance AB response to cancerous cells?
Antibody dependent drug conjugates
-add toxins or radioactive nucleotides or enzymes that will generate a new drug to kill the tumor
(manipulate antibodies to make them more effective killers)
What mAbs are available in veterinary medicine?
- Cytopoint (dog)
- Solensia and Librela (cat and dog)
