Tumor Immunity

Question 1

2 Arms of the Immune System

Answer 1

1. Innate
2. Adaptive

Question 2

Does the innate immune system have memory?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

Humoral Immunity

Answer 3

B cell component of the adaptive immune system, in which B cells mature into plasma cells and produce immunoglobulins (antibodies)

Question 4

All immunoglobulins begin as what type before class-switching?

Answer 4

IgM

Question 5

3 Things Immunoglobulins/Antibodies Do

Answer 5

1. Neutralization
2. Opsonization
3. Complement Activation

Question 6

Memory Response

Answer 6

long lived B cells that can react quickly to an antigen

Question 7

Neutralization

Answer 7

Ab can directly bind to the pathogen (ex: antivenom)

Question 8

Opsonization

Answer 8

the antibody acts as a bridge between the pathogen and the phagocyte

the Ab recognizes the pathogen, and then the phagocyte recognizes the Fc region on the Ab

Question 9

Are CD20 surface antigens present on all B cells?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

The Big 3 of Human Immunoglobulin Therapy

Answer 10

1. Rituxan
2. Avastin
3. Herceptin

Question 11

hybridoma

Answer 11

a culture of hybrid cells that results from the fusion of B cells and myeloma cells in order to produce large amounts of identical monoclonal antibody

Question 12

4 Different Types/Stages of Monoclonal Antibodies, for example

Answer 12

1. Murine
2. Chimeric
3. Humanized
4. Human

Question 13

Antibody Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis (ADCP)

Answer 13

Ab binds to cancer cell and recruits macrophages the phagocytose the cell; opsonization pathway

Question 14

Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Answer 14

Ab binds to cancer cell and recruits NK cells the release factors to lyse the cancer cell; opsonization pathway

Question 15

Direct Effects of Ab binding to cancer cell

Answer 15

can alter intracellular signaling, or inhibit function of growth factor receptors or adhesion molecules

Question 16

Complement Activation

Answer 16

Ab signals the complement system to drop membrane attack complex (MAC) onto cancer cell

Question 17

What can we do to enhance AB response to cancerous cells?

Answer 17

Antibody dependent drug conjugates
-add toxins or radioactive nucleotides or enzymes that will generate a new drug to kill the tumor
(manipulate antibodies to make them more effective killers)

Question 18

What mAbs are available in veterinary medicine?

Answer 18

1. Cytopoint (dog)
2. Solensia and Librela (cat and dog)