Tulving's LTM (pack 3)

Question 1

what did Tulving argue was wrong with the MSM?

Answer 1

too simplistic and inflexible

Question 2

what did Tulving propose LTM could be divided by?

Answer 2

episodic and semantic memory

Question 3

what is episodic memory

Answer 3

remembered experiences

Question 4

what is semantic memory

Answer 4

remembered information about the world

Question 5

what is a scenario example of episodic memory

Answer 5

I remember riding my first bike when I was 7

Question 6

what is a scenario example of semantic memory?

Answer 6

i know that bikes have two wheels

Question 7

In what 4 ways did Tulving say the two types of memory were different

Answer 7

the nature of stored memories

time referencing

the nature of retrieving or recalling memories held in each store

the independence of each store

Question 8

what is the difference between the two stores in terms of the nature of stored memories?

Answer 8

semantic represents a mental encyclopaedia (memories associated with facts)

episodic is like a mental diary (linked to a time and context)

Question 9

what is the difference between the two stores in terms of time referencing?

Answer 9

semantic memories are detached from time

episodic memories are dependent on time referencing

Question 10

what is the difference between the two stores in terms of retrieval

Answer 10

semantic does not depend on the context in which it was learnt

episodic depends on the context in which it was learned or experienced

Question 11

what is the difference between the two stores in terms of independence

Answer 11

semantic memory retrieval can operate independently of episodic memory

episodic retrieval is unlikely to operate without semantic memory

Question 12

what is the difference between the two stores in terms of forgetting

Answer 12

semantic memory trace more robust and less susceptible to being changed

episodic memory trace can be transformed/changed when we retrieve it

Question 13

What did Tulving say about the stores overlapping

Answer 13

despite the two systems possibly overlapping they can be treated as separate stores

Question 14

what are 3 strengths for Tulving’s LTM?

Answer 14

1. There is supporting evidence…case studies of brain damaged patients (K.F episodic memory damaged but semantic memory was still intact) and brain scans which show semantic retrieval uses the left hemisphere and episodic retrieval uses the right hemisphere
2. The use of brain scans- increases scientific credibility
3. practical applications- knowing the relationship between the two stores is useful for aiding memory recall

Question 15

What are 4 weaknesses for Tulving’s LTM?

Answer 15

1. research has shown that LTM may include more than episodic and semantic memory…H.M and Clive had damage to to recall episodic memories but could still remember how to perform tasks (added a third type of LTM - procedural)
2. methods of testing may lack validity because they cannot be in absolute isolation from each other
3. use of case studies lack of control variables…little knowledge about memory before, this can reduce the validity

Question 16

Research that an be used in support of Tulving’s LTM?

Answer 16

Belleville- worked with older people with mild memory impairment- performed better on episodic memory after training…favours that there are different types

Question 17

alternate theory

Answer 17

Bartlett’s reconstructive memory