classic study- Baddeley (pack 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the title of Baddeley’s study?

A

the influence of acoustic and semantic similarity on LTM for word sequences

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2
Q

what did he want to find out?

A

whether LTM and STM were different or whether memory was more of a continuum

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3
Q

How did Baddeley test both types of memory with the same technique

A

By taking an established phenomenon of STM and attempting to reproduce in the LTM

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4
Q

what was the aim of the study?

A

to investigate the influence of acoustic and semantic word similarity on learning and recall in STM and LTM

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5
Q

what was the sample in Baddeley’s study like?

A

72 men and women recruited from the applied psychology unit subject panel at Cambridge university

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6
Q

what were the four word lists used?

A
  1. acoustically similar- man, cab, can, cad
  2. acoustically dissimilar words- pit, few, cow, pen.
  3. semantically similar words- great, large, big, huge
  4. semantically dissimilar words- good, huge, hot, safe
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7
Q

what was some of the procedure for this study?

A
  1. 10 words were presented to ppt on a projector for 3 seconds each (2 second slide changeover time)
  2. tasking involving STM for six tasks. Sequences read out at 1 second rate and ppt were given 8 secs to write out
  3. allowed 1 min to write word list in order (memory test)
  4. after doing above 4 times, ppt completed a task of copying eight-digit sequences at own pace. This was an interference task (minimise STM during learning)
  5. LTM- attempted to recall in order, surprise retest, the words were visible throughout experiment as it was a test of sequence not memory
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8
Q

results for acoustically similar?

A

similar list harder during early learning. Did not show ev. of forgetting.

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9
Q

results for semantically similar?

A

showed slower learning

did not show any signs of forgetting

on retest, performance poorer than control

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10
Q

general results?

A

in all groups, what was learned was retained for at least 15 mins

LTM based on meaning of words or the sound

STM has an influence on acoustic encoding

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11
Q

two conclusions of this study?

A

PPT found it harder to recall list A (acoustic similar), suggests STM largely acoustic

although study shows STM acoustic cues are important whereas in LTM semantic cues may be used instead

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12
Q

3 strengths of Baddeley’s study?

A
  1. Lab experiment- control extraneous variables and see cause and effect link between the IV (type of word list) and DV (sequential order of word lists) increases internal validity
  2. standardised procedures- same word lists for each condition…increases reliability
  3. same equipment used- projector showing the words and were visible (reduces situational variables) high in scientific credibility
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13
Q

2 weaknesses of Baddeley’s study?

A
  1. low ecological validity- tasks lack mundane realism, remembering a sequence is artificial
  2. reductionist- reduced memory to recall the order of a list of 10 words and doesn’t take into account the complex working of the memory
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