Tuesday, 8-23-Ocular Pharmacology-DSA-Fitzpatrick Flashcards
Clonidine is a ___ agonist that decreases secretion and increases uveoscleral outflow
a2 adrenoceptor
Brimonidine is used widely for inflow suppression and has good ocular hypotensive activity with a much lower incidence of ocular allergy than p-aminoclonidine. What type of agonist is Brimonidine?
a2 adrenoceptor
what is the MOA of brimonidine?
inhibition of aq humor secretion but also reported to increase uveoscleral outflow
___ is the most frequently prescribed beta-adrenoceptor antagonist that can result in ocular hypotension
Timolol
other agents in this class are bunalol, betaxolol, and carvediol
Beta1-adrenoceptor antagonists lower intraocular pressure by ___
attenuating aq humor formation
___ inhibitors can reduce intraocular pressure by inhibiting aq humor secretion
carbonic anhydrase
List an oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor:
List some topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors:
oral–> Acetazolamide
topical –> Dorzolamide, Brinzolamide
__ is one of the earliest and most efficacious ocular hypotensive drugs still in use, primarily lowers intraocular pressure by increasing pressure-dependent aq humor outflow via the trabecular meshwork
pilocarpine
what is the MOA for pilocarpine?
an M3 agonist –> contracts ciliary m. –> causes inward movement of scleral spur which results in widening of spaces in trabecular meshwork
what is the effects of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?
decreases secretion
what is the effects of a B2-adrenoceptor agonist?
decreases secretion, increases trabecular outflow
what is the effects of a B1-adrenoceptor antagonist?
decrease secretion
what is the effects of an a2-adrenoceptor agonist?
decrease secretion, increase uveoscleral outflow
what is the effects of a mAChR agonist?
increase trabecular outflow
name some Prostanoid FP receptor agonists and what they do:
Latanoprost and Travoprost
Increase uveoscleral outflow
Name a Prostamide and what it does:
Bimatoprost (PGF2alpha analog)
Increase trabecular outflow and increase uveoscleral outflow
How does apraclonidine lower inta-ocular pressure?
Agonist of alpha2 adrenergic receptors
How does acetazolamide lower intra-ocular pressure?
Inhibits aq humor secretion
These B1 adrenergic receptor antagonists can be used used to tx glaucoma. They decrease aqueous humor secretion from ciliary epithelium
Timolol and betaxolol
This alpha2 adrenergic agonist can be used to tx glaucoma and decreases aq humor secretion from ciliary epithelium
Apraclonidine
When epinephrine acts at alpha1 adrenergic receptors on radial smooth muscle in the eye, what happens?
Contraction –> mydriasis
When epinephrine acts on B2 adrenergic receptors in the eye, what happens?
Relaxation of ciliary muscle
Ach, carbachol, and pilocarpine have what effect on pupils?
Constriction (miosis) –> Agonists at M3 receptors
Cyclopentolate, atropine, and scopolamine have what effect on pupils?
Dilation (mydriasis) –> antagonists at M3 receptors
Phenylephrine, dipivefrin, and epinephrine have what effect on pupils when bound to a1 receptors?
Pupil dilation (mydriasis) –> radial m. is innervate by adrenergic fibers to a1 receptors. These drugs are a1 agonists
