Tuesday, 8-23-Ocular Pharmacology-DSA-Fitzpatrick

Question 1

Clonidine is a ___ agonist that decreases secretion and increases uveoscleral outflow

Answer 1

a2 adrenoceptor

Question 2

Brimonidine is used widely for inflow suppression and has good ocular hypotensive activity with a much lower incidence of ocular allergy than p-aminoclonidine. What type of agonist is Brimonidine?

Answer 2

a2 adrenoceptor

Question 3

what is the MOA of brimonidine?

Answer 3

inhibition of aq humor secretion but also reported to increase uveoscleral outflow

Question 4

___ is the most frequently prescribed beta-adrenoceptor antagonist that can result in ocular hypotension

Answer 4

Timolol

other agents in this class are bunalol, betaxolol, and carvediol

Question 5

Beta1-adrenoceptor antagonists lower intraocular pressure by ___

Answer 5

attenuating aq humor formation

Question 6

___ inhibitors can reduce intraocular pressure by inhibiting aq humor secretion

Answer 6

carbonic anhydrase

Question 7

List an oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor:

List some topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors:

Answer 7

oral–> Acetazolamide

topical –> Dorzolamide, Brinzolamide

Question 8

__ is one of the earliest and most efficacious ocular hypotensive drugs still in use, primarily lowers intraocular pressure by increasing pressure-dependent aq humor outflow via the trabecular meshwork

Answer 8

pilocarpine

Question 9

what is the MOA for pilocarpine?

Answer 9

an M3 agonist –> contracts ciliary m. –> causes inward movement of scleral spur which results in widening of spaces in trabecular meshwork

Question 10

what is the effects of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?

Answer 10

decreases secretion

Question 11

what is the effects of a B2-adrenoceptor agonist?

Answer 11

decreases secretion, increases trabecular outflow

Question 12

what is the effects of a B1-adrenoceptor antagonist?

Answer 12

decrease secretion

Question 13

what is the effects of an a2-adrenoceptor agonist?

Answer 13

decrease secretion, increase uveoscleral outflow

Question 14

what is the effects of a mAChR agonist?

Answer 14

increase trabecular outflow

Question 15

name some Prostanoid FP receptor agonists and what they do:

Answer 15

Latanoprost and Travoprost

Increase uveoscleral outflow

Question 16

Name a Prostamide and what it does:

Answer 16

Bimatoprost (PGF2alpha analog)

Increase trabecular outflow and increase uveoscleral outflow

Question 17

How does apraclonidine lower inta-ocular pressure?

Answer 17

Agonist of alpha2 adrenergic receptors

Question 18

How does acetazolamide lower intra-ocular pressure?

Answer 18

Inhibits aq humor secretion

Question 19

These B1 adrenergic receptor antagonists can be used used to tx glaucoma. They decrease aqueous humor secretion from ciliary epithelium

Answer 19

Timolol and betaxolol

Question 20

This alpha2 adrenergic agonist can be used to tx glaucoma and decreases aq humor secretion from ciliary epithelium

Answer 20

Apraclonidine

Question 21

When epinephrine acts at alpha1 adrenergic receptors on radial smooth muscle in the eye, what happens?

Answer 21

Contraction –> mydriasis

Question 22

When epinephrine acts on B2 adrenergic receptors in the eye, what happens?

Answer 22

Relaxation of ciliary muscle

Question 23

Ach, carbachol, and pilocarpine have what effect on pupils?

Answer 23

Constriction (miosis) –> Agonists at M3 receptors

Question 24

Cyclopentolate, atropine, and scopolamine have what effect on pupils?

Answer 24

Dilation (mydriasis) –> antagonists at M3 receptors

Question 25

Phenylephrine, dipivefrin, and epinephrine have what effect on pupils when bound to a1 receptors?

Answer 25

Pupil dilation (mydriasis) –> radial m. is innervate by adrenergic fibers to a1 receptors. These drugs are a1 agonists