Tudors - Chapter 1 - Henry VIII

Question 1

When did Henry become heir to the throne?

Answer 1

10 in 1502 following Prince Arthur’s death

Question 2

Henry’s strengths

Answer 2

“Renaissance Prince” image, lute, intelligent, jousting (code of chivalry)

Question 2

What is the “Imperial King”

Answer 2

Chosen by God, as powerful as Roman Emperors

Question 3

What ministers did Henry inherit from his father?

Answer 3

Sir Thomas Lovell, Thomas Howard

Question 3

How did Henry immediately jeopardise the crown’s money?

Answer 3

Abolished Council Learned in Law, arrested Dudley and Empson, cancelled 175 bonds owed to his father

Question 3

How many advisers in privy council?

Answer 3

20

Question 3

Wolsey’s education

Answer 3

Oxford, degree at 15

Question 4

How did Wolsey prove himself to Henry in 1512?

Answer 4

Became one of his most trusted advisers, organised 1513 expedition to France (30,000 men supplies.)

Question 5

What happened to Wolsey in 1514 and 1515?

Answer 5

Appointed Archbishop of York and then Cardinal/Lord Chancellor

Question 6

What did Wolsey do in 1526?

Answer 6

Eltham Ordinances - reorganised chaotic finances of the Privy Chamber and made government more efficient (took a long time for change to occur.)

Question 7

How did Wolsey try and change justice and did it work?

Answer 7

Attempted to introduce civil law at the expense of common law. Very successful but created lots of enemies

Question 8

How did the Star Chamber work?

Answer 8

120 cases per year, fairer because verdict was based on evidence rather than precedent and encouraged commoners to bring cases forward.

Question 9

Was Wolsey a friend of the poor and how?

Answer 9

Yes, supported laws against enclosures (land stolen by richer farmers)

Question 10

How did Wolsey use Court of Requests?

Answer 10

To hear cases from poor people, charged low fees and made quick decisions

Question 11

How many parliaments called during Wolsey’s time?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

How did Wolsey try to fix finances in 1522?

Answer 12

Organised national survey to assess who could pay tax, gained $200,000 in forced loans

Question 13

Why was finances difficult during Henry’s reign?

Answer 13

Inflation and Henry’s costly foreign policy

Question 14

What did Wolsey propose to raise money that led to a rebellion?

Answer 14

Subsidy, Amicable Grant (1525)

Question 15

Did Wolsey help the economy? Key points?

Answer 15

. Tried to address enclosures (stopped in 1518 due to landowner opposition)
. 1527 - bad harvest, inflation and unemployment due to Wolsey’s recoinage
. Suffering from poor, several riots in 1528

Question 16

First impressions of Cromwell?

Answer 16

Ruthless, scheming but effective politician, supporter of the rule of law, heavily Protestant, supported reformation

Question 17

Was Cromwell as powerful as Wolsey?

Answer 17

No, his position was strongest after securing execution of Anne Boleyn

Question 18

How did Cromwell extend Power of Crown?

Answer 18

Act in Restraint of Appeals(1533), uses Break with Rome, 1536 - Act of Union with Wales

Question 19

Why did Cromwell want to extend power of the crown?

Answer 19

To create a unitary state with all power derived from monarch (Pope had too much power)

Question 20

What did 1536 Act of Union with Wales do and was it a success?

Answer 20

reorganised local government, yes.

Question 21

How does Cromwell weaken Church during Break with Rome?

Answer 21

Act of Royal Supremacy
Taxes that went to Pope now go to Henry

Question 22

How does Cromwell improve finances?

Answer 22

Courts of Augmentations
Court of First Fruits and Tenths
Inheritance money from Wards now goes to King
Break With Rome

Question 23

What did the Court of Augmentations do?

Answer 23

Controlled the land once under control of the Church

Question 24

How did Cromwell’s downfall start?

Answer 24

Position weakened after Anne of Cleeves divorce, publication of Catholic Six Articles (1539)

Question 25

When was Cromwell executed?

Answer 25

28 July 1540

Question 26

Why was Cromwell executed?

Answer 26

Due to Norfolk’s claims that he was protecting radical Protestants in Calais