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History > Tudors - Chapter 1 - Establishment of Tudor Dynasty > Flashcards

Tudors - Chapter 1 - Establishment of Tudor Dynasty Flashcards

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1
Q

Richard was defeated by Henry in…

A

Battle Of Bosworth - 22 August 1485

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2
Q

Unusual for Henry to win as…

A

he has inexperienced in combat and had been in exile for many years in French court

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2
Q

How long was Henry King for and what is he known for?

A

24 years, strengthened monarchy financially and the first king in a century to pass crown peacefully to his son

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3
Q

Henry’s Army

A

5,000 Motley Army (Welsh, Scots, French)

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4
Q

Thomas and William Stanley

A

Held 4,000 men and weighed out battle to avoid persecution and make calculated decision

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4
Q

Richards’ Army

A

120,000, attained better position, lost support from Lord Thomas and William Stanley

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5
Q

What happens during Battle of Bosworth that ensures Henry’s win?

A

Duke of Norfolk is killed and Henry approaches Stanley for support, Richard charges at Henry himself, Stanley orders surprise attack, Earl of Northumberland does not protect Richard, royal army broken up in confusion, Tudor family replaces York

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6
Q

State of England before Henry V11

A

not wealthy enough to compete with Holy Roman Empire, Spain, etc. Had to form alliances, kingdom was not homogenous

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7
Q

Population

A

2.3 million, London biggest, most people live rurally, dependant on agriculture, less than 6% in urban areas

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8
Q

Numbers of noblemen and gentry

A

Nobles: 40/50 families Gentry: 150,000

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9
Q

Order of Garter

A

Prestigious title awarded to English nobles (noblemen, prestigious knighthood.)

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10
Q

Henry V11 brief childhood/backstory

A

Born in 1457, weaker female claim to the throne, Jasper Tudor protected Henry V11, fled to Brittany, Henry befriend King Charles and gathered supporters in Paris

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11
Q

Henry V11 objectives

A

establish claim to the throne, eliminate possible rivals, strengthen monarchy for future

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11
Q

How did he legitimise claim to throne?

A

official crowning before marriage, unified L and Y, summoned parliament in 1485 for royal progress, rewarded supporters well (Lord Stanley and Earl of Oxford) which stabilised government, had a son to support his union

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11
Q

John Morton (Lord Chancellor in 1486)

A

Supported Lancastrian until Battle of Tewksbury, but resisted Richard 3 and warned Henry to escape to French court, critiqued Richard and supported Henry from Yorkist nobles, made Archbishop of Canterbury in 1493, ‘Morton’s Fork’ - forced money out of all noblemen

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12
Q

Faced opposition from…

A

De la Pole family, Margaret of Burgundy, Lovel and Stafford

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12
Q

Lambert Simnel

A

claimed to be Earl of Warwick (Henry produced real Earl of Warwick to refute this), support of Margaret of Burgundy (2000 German mercenaries), tried to invade England in 1487, defeated at East Stoke, Simnel spared due to priesthood and given work in kitchens under supervision.

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12
Q

Perkin Warbeck

A

Claimed to be Richard of York, recognised by Margaret of Burgundy, failed to rouse support in Kent (1495) and went to Scotland, support from King James, fled to Ireland, gave himself up in 1497, given mercy, executed in 1499 for planning escape with Earl of Warwick after being imprisoned, both killed

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13
Q

Lovel and Stafford

A

attempted rebellion during Hnery’s royal progress in the north, seeking sanctuary in Colchester, broke sanctuary and ambushed, Staffords tried to stir rebellion in West and Lovel planned ambush, Henry offered pardon/death, Humphrey executed eventually, Thomas pardoned and remained loyal after. Henry’s policy of ‘calculated mercy’ here.

13
Q

Rebellion in Cornwall (1497)

A

1497 imposed heavy tax to finance protection of north from Scottish, Cornish refused to contribute, 15,000 rebels reached outskirts of London, confronted by royal army, 1,000 rebels killed and leaders executed, reminded Henry he couldn’t fight James and tried to come to terms with King of Scotland

14
Q

Edmund de La Pole (Earl of Suffolk)

A

King refused him access to father’s dukedom, 1499 fled to Calais, Henry feared invasion and persuaded his return, remained fine till 1501 and fled to Court of Maximilion. Henry imprisoned Suffolk’s relations (51 by 1504)

15
Q

Why was Henry’s coronation and marriage planned strategically?

A

His coronation was a week before parliament was called (no one could say parliament helped him) and his marriage was after.

15
Q

When was Henry’s first Royal Progress?

A

1485

16
Q

What happened to Sir William Stanley and John Morton?

A

They became Lord Chamberlain and Lord Chancellor

17
Q

What did rewarding his followers do for Henry?

A

Stabilised the government, ensured loyalty

18
Q

How did Henry V11 control propaganda?

A

Destroyed Titilus Regius copies
Created the Tudor Rose

19
Q

Role of clerics in the Royal Council?

A

50% of royal council were clerics: John Morton and Richard Fox

20
Q

Role of nobles in the Royal Council?

A

Rewarded for serving Henry well: Jasper Tudor, Lord Chamberlain, Earl of Oxford

21
Q

Role of educated professionals in the Royal Council?

A

Henry relied on lawyers as advisors, needed men trained in administration, auditing and property law to exploit crown lands

22
Q

What were committees in Royal Council?

A

Each committee has its own area of expertise (Court of Requests/Court of General Surveyors)

23
Q

Who were part of the lite inner circle of the Royal Council?

A

Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford, Earl of Oxford

24
Q

What were the two houses in parliament?

A

House of Lords and House of Commons

25
Q

How much power did House of Lords have?

A

Easier to control (senior clergy and peers) because Henry controlled their status

26
Q

How much power did House of Commons have?

A

Made up of lawyers, merchants. Henry recognised their importance and they gained power

27
Q

How did House of Commons communicate with Henry?

A

Through Speaker of Commons

28
Q

Purpose of parliament for Henry?

A

To support Henry’s drive to full monarchical power

29
Q

What were the ordinary revenues for Henry’s income?

A

Crown lands, feudal dues, custom duties, legal dues

29
Q

What three reasons did Henry want financial solvency?

A

To tackle threats, to increase his power and to ensure a smooth succession

29
Q

How did Henry increase importance of JP’s?

A

JP’s answered to him directly, dealt with riots, extortion and poaching

30
Q

How did Henry increase crown land revenues?

A

Act of Resumption in 1486
Reclaimed crown lands which had been given away during War of Roses

31
Q

To what figure did Henry increase feudal dues to in 1507?

A

6,000 pounds

32
Q

How did Henry increase legal dues?

A

He increased the use of fines and attainders

33
Q

What happened to Henry’s sons?

A

1486 - Arthur born
1491 - Henry born
Arthur dies in 1502

34
Q

Who enforces the JP’s decisions?

A

Knights and squires

35
Q

Average number of JP’s per county?

A

18

36
Q

How many men did Simnel vs Henry have?

A

8,000 vs 12,000 in a three hour battle

History (3 decks)

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