Tudor Ireland and Causes of Tyrone's Rebellion - 1595

Question 1

When did the rebellion break out?

Answer 1

1595

Question 2

What were the fundamental causes of Tyrone’s rebellion?

Answer 2

Break with Rome increased need for control and increased religious tensions
Anglo Irish Lords felt alienated by monarchy
Made worse by war with Spain

Question 3

What were the long term causes for the rebellion?

Answer 3

• Tudor monarchs claimed to have the right to rule Ireland
• England wanted to anglicise Ireland due to apparent lawlessness in the Irish way of life
• Irish practice of tanistry not linked by English

Question 4

What was tanistry?

Answer 4

Inheritance dictated by those who bore the family name, not necessarily father to son, seen as threatening in England

Question 5

How did the Irish organise their rule of Ireland?

Answer 5

Through clans - the O’Niells

Question 6

Why was the Irish problem more significant in 1530?

Answer 6

During the break with Rome as Ireland remained Roman Catholic

Question 7

What was Henry’s policy of conciliation?

Answer 7

Negotiations, concluded that land would be surrendered and regranted, given English titles, Henry owned the land,

Question 8

What approach did Mary take that was different to Henry’s policy of conciliation?

Answer 8

Ireland semi independent so Mary appointed Lord Deputy - Earl of Sussex, encouraged English settlers to settle outside the Pale to civilise Ireland

Question 9

What did England’s Lord Deputy control?

Answer 9

The Pale and Dublin

Question 10

What titles did Henry give the Irish?

Answer 10

Tenants in chief

Question 11

Why did Elizabeth face the threat of Catholic rebellion?

Answer 11

She was a protestant queen and Ireland was catholic - already made into a reality after NR, resulted in hard line policies

Question 12

How did Elizabeth deal with Ireland?

Answer 12

• Divided Irish regions into English style counties

- Established councils - Cannaught and Munster 1569 and 1571

Question 13

What did Elizabeth’s Irish policies lead to?

Answer 13

Unsuccessful rebellions - Munster 1579 and 1583, in 1569 rebels executed and lands sold to English settlers

Question 14

Why was there resentment in Munster?

Answer 14

1592- 775 English settlers in Munster: outnumbered by Irish but still caused resentment

Question 15

What did Elizabeth impose in 1585?

Answer 15

Wanted to transfer payments from Irish Lords for their land and armies to English authorities in return for anglicism

Question 16

What was Ulster?

Answer 16

Most gaelic part of Ireland - English control limited, controlled by O’Neill but disputed with rival clan O’Donnells

Question 17

What did the English try and do in 1570s and how did the Irish react?

Answer 17

English wanted to settle in Ulster = violence, O’Donnells and O’Neills united against Irish, English responded with violence, killed 200 O’Neills and 500 O’Donnells

Question 18

What did Hugh O’Neill accept in 1585?

Answer 18

Title of Earl of Tyrone

Question 19

What happened after Hugh O’Neill accepted his title?

Answer 19

There was temporary peace until English tried to settle again, chieftains of Ulster began to accept regranting of land and became tenants to English monarchy

Question 20

What happened in 1590?

Answer 20

Chief of Macmillan executed, lands given back to the crown, English settled on the land, Tyrone realised it was a trap and could now be charged with treason under English law

Question 21

Who was O’Donnell in touch with in 1593?

Answer 21

O’Donnell in touch with Phillip of Spain II but Phillip busy dealing with the Netherlands

Question 22

What did O’Donnell and Maguire do in 1594?

Answer 22

Besieged the English held Enniskillen Castle, Maguire helped Tyrone’s brother ambush an English relief force heading for Enniskillen - killed 56 soldiers

Question 23

What did the Irish promise in 1594?

Answer 23

To restore peace in Ulster and to co operate with the English gov - Lord Deputy in Dublin Sir William Russell

Question 24

Did William Russel believe the Irish?

Answer 24

Prepared to believe his promises and did not arrest him, Tyrone still allowed to keep his private army

Question 25

Why wasn’t Elizabeth’s gov prepared to give Tyrone control of Ulster?

Answer 25

They distrusted his intentions = growth of grievances = resented English intervention

Question 26

What added to Tyrone’s desire to rebel?

Answer 26

Religious tensions - influx of protestant settlers, threat to loyal catholics, looked for support from England’s enemy Spain

Question 27

Why did Tyrone decide to rebel?

Answer 27

Loyalties to Ireland and Catholic sympathies stronger than links to English gov