Tubular structure and function

Question 1

2 routes of movement from lumber of tubule to interstitial space:

Answer 1

• Paracellular

- Transcellular

Question 2

Basolateral membrane:

Answer 2

Towards cell/blood

Question 3

Apical membrane

Answer 3

Towards lumen of tubule

Question 4

Primary active transport system on basolateral membrane:

Answer 4

Na+-K+-ATPase

Question 5

Secondary active transport systems on apical membrane:

Answer 5

• glucose-Na+ and amino acid-Na+ cotransorters

Question 6

Cells lining the PCT have:

Answer 6

Microvilli

Question 7

Type of cells in thick ascending limb:

Answer 7

Cuboidal

Question 8

Hormones chemically similar to aldosterone:

Answer 8

Oestrogen

Question 9

Oestrogen’s influence on tubule:

Answer 9

Enhance NaCl reabsorbtion. Retain fluid during menstrual cycle.

Question 10

Progesterones influence on tubule:

Answer 10

Block effect of aldosterone. Decrease Na+ reabsroption, diuretic-like effect

Question 11

Glucocorticoid influence on tubule:

Answer 11

Enhance tubular reabsorption of Na+. BUT promote increase GFR which may mask this effect.

Question 12

As fluid passes down collecting duct, pass through tissue with ever decreasing water potential. This is an ex of

Answer 12

Hairpin countercurrent multiplication

Question 13

Reabsorbed in PCT:

Answer 13

HCO3-
Na+
Glucose
Amino acids
Lactate
Urea

Question 14

Secreted into PCT:

Answer 14

NH4+
Medications
Organic acids

Question 15

Name some transporters on the PCT:

Answer 15

• Na+-glucose/amino acid cotransporter
• GLUT1, GLUT2
• Na+-K+ ATPase
• Na+-H+ exchanger
• Na+-HCO3- co transporter

Question 16

In the PCT in Na+-K+ATPase acts to:

Answer 16

Keep intracellular [Na+] low so it can move down conc. gradient (secondary active transport w/glucose)

Question 17

Thin descending limb is impermeable to…

Answer 17

Ions

Question 18

Reabsorbed in thin descending limb:

Answer 18

Diffusion of Na+ and Cl-

Question 19

Reabsorbed in thick descending limb:

Answer 19

Na+, Cl-, K+ active transport

Question 20

Pump on apical surface on thick descending limb:

Answer 20

Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter

Question 21

Transporters on basolateral surface of Thick DL:

Answer 21

Na+-K+ ATPase

K+ and Cl- channels

Question 22

Reabsorbed in DCT:

Answer 22

Na+, Cl-, Ca2+

Question 23

Secreted in DCT:

Answer 23

K+

Question 24

Aldosterone acts on the:

Answer 24

DCT and collecting duct

Question 25

Transporters on early DCT apical surface:

Answer 25

Na+-Cl- cotransporter

Ca2+ channel

Question 26

Transporters on the early DCT basolateral surface:

Answer 26

Na+-Ca2+ cotransporter
Cl- channel
Na+-K+ATPase

Question 27

Types of cells of later DCT:

Answer 27

a-intercalated

principal cells

Question 28

Aldosterone upregulates:

Answer 28

ENaC
NA+-K+ATPase
ATP-dependent K+ channel

Question 29

H+ is what in the DCT and collecting duct?

Answer 29

Secreted via alpha-intercalated cells

Question 30

Osmoreceptors are located in:

Answer 30

Hypothalamus

Question 31

What can act on hypothalamus in increase ADH?

Answer 31

Angiotensin II

Question 32

ADH is released from:

Answer 32

Posterior pituitary gland