Tuberculoza Flashcards

1
Q

Ce reprezinta tuberculoza primara

A

Reactie inflamatorie consecutiva primei infectii TB ce determina necroza tisulara si formarea de granuloame. Dupa calcifierea va rezulta focarul Ghon

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2
Q

Factori implicati in reactivitatea tuberculozei latente

A

Co infectia HIV, terapie imunosupresoare, DZ, BCR terminal, malnutritie ,imbatranire

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3
Q

Facori care afecteaza incidenta si riscul de a devolta TB in tarile dezvoltate

A

Contacturi cu grupuri cu risc inalt
Imunodeficenta : HIV, corticoterapie, chimioterapie, DZ, BCR, malnutritie , deficit D3
Stil de viata:alcool,droguri,detentii, fara adapost

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4
Q

Dupa primul contact ce procent dezvolta boala?

A

Sub 5%. 10 % dupa primul an

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5
Q

Simptomatologie tuberculoza

A

Tuse cu expectoratii uneori hemoptizie.
febra
scadere ponderala
transiratii nocturne

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6
Q

Caracteristici nodul in TB ganglionara.

A

Ferm, nedureros , fara eritem.

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7
Q

Care este coloratia specifica TB?

A

Ziehl-Nielsen ce necesita microscopie fluorescenta si evidenteaza bacili in galben portocaliu pe fundal verde.
Auramina-rodamina este mai sensibila desi mai putin specifica

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8
Q

Ce precaitii trebuie sa se ia inaintea tratamentului tuberculostatic?

A

Screening pt hepatita virala, HIV si teste sangvine.

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9
Q

Mediul de cultura pentru TB?

A

Lowenstein-Jensen solid- 3-8 saptamani

Mediu lichid cu bulion in plus 1-3 saptamani

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10
Q

Care sunt medicamentele in tuberculoza

A

Izoniazida, Rifampicina, Pirazinamida si Etambutolul

Cotricosteroizi in TB al SNC

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11
Q

Ce efecte adverse au medicamentele in tuberculoza

A

General: greata ,varsaturi, prurit, rash cutanat
Izoniazida :polineuropati secundara- administrare B6 10-25 mg/zi
Rifampicina- coloratie secretii rosu/roz; trombocitopenie
Pirazinamita:prurit,rash,artralgii, precipita guta
Etambutolul-nevrita optica retrobulbara

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12
Q

Cum se demonstreaza memoria imuna la proteinele microbactereine in tuberculoza ?

A

1) Testul cutanat la tuberculiuna (Mantreux)

2) Testele de eliberere a interferonului gama(inf-gama)

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13
Q

Co-infectia HIV in TB

A

Incidenta 10% mondial. TB un sfert(1/4) din decesele SIDA
Alaturi sunt si aspecte specifice de tratare : interactiuni si intolerante medicamentoase, risc crescut de toxicitate medicamentoasa, incidenta amre a rezistentei la medicamnte

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14
Q

Infectia cu Mycobacterium Bovis

A

consum lapte nepasteurizat, la fermieri cu vaci infectate, lucratori in abator.
tstul tuberculinic e pozitiv
Rezistent frecvent la pirazinamida, se trateaza cu restu.

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