Tuberculosis Flashcards
What organism causes TB?
Mycobacterium Tuberculi
Other mycobacterium?
Bovine TB
MOTT- mycobacterium other than tb
Mycobacterium Leprae- leprosy
How can we test for these organisms?
Ziehl Neilson Stain
Transmission
Open cavitating necrosis
Cough and bacteria remain airbourne
Land in the lungs
Small droplets penetrate the alveoli
Does TB infect everyone?
No
Healthy resistant hosts have a strong immune system and can fight off the bugs.
Malnourished or immunosuppressed cant
What is a characteristic sign of TB?
Central Caseating Necrosis
Dead macrophages engulfing the TB cell in a lipid casing.
What are the main sites of infection?
Lungs, Lymph nodes, gut
Primary infection- victim?
Mostly children, never had TB before
Primary infection- result
Tb contained and develop immunity to tuberculoprotein.
Formation of primary complex- calcify and heal.
Primary lesion- fate
Progression- cavitation, enlargement of hilar lymph nodes and compression of bronchi. Can also discharge and cause lobar pneumonia.
Latent- leads into later problems
Describe three types of latent TB
- Meningeal- high CSF protein, V bad
- Miliary- fine spotting
- Pleural Tb- effusion
When might latent TB arise?
6-12 months post infection
What other problems may arise?
1-5 yrs= skeletal, pulmonary (post primary)
10-15 yrs= Genitourinary, Cutaneous TB
Diagnosis of TB
- Find organism
- CXR
- ZN stain
- FBC
- SPUTUM
- CT
- Bronchoscopy
- Pleural aspiration
- IGRA- NEW
Why do we need three sputum samples?
ZN Stain
Culture
PCR
