Tuberculosis Flashcards
how does tb spread
by droplet nuclei
how is droplet nuclei produced
when a person coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings
how is droplet nuclei transmitted
through the air
what is tb’s full name
mycobacterium tb
what are tb transmission myths
cannot get TB:
1. by eating or drinking after someone
2. from dishes, utensils, clothing, or linens
3. do not need to wear caps, gowns, or gloves
TB pathogenesis
- tubercle bacilli is inhaled through nose or mouth
- carried down trachea into lung by droplet nucleus
- multiply freely for 2-10 weeks once they reach alveoli
- bacilli can spread unopposed from initial location into lung to lymph nodes
- spreads to other parts of body through bloodstream from lymphatic system
- upper portions of lungs, kidneys, spine, brain, and bone are susceptible areas
latent tb infection info
tb bacteria lives but doesn’t grow in body.
doesn’t make person feel sick or have Sx.
can’t spread from person to person.
can advance to TB disease.
tb disease info
tb bacteria is active and grows in body.
makes a person feel sick and have Sx.
can spread from person to person.
can cause death if not treated.
tb clinical presentation
prolonged cough, fever, hemoptysis, weight loss, anorexia, night sweats
tb drug therapy - LTBI
Isoniazid x9 months.
Isoniazid and rifapentine weekly x 12 weeks with direct observation.
rifampin x4 months.
tb drug therapy - TB
directly observed therapy x6-9 months.
isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazindamide for 2 months, followed by isoniazid and rifampin for additional 4-7 months.
cost of drug sensitive tb
$49,000
cost of MDR-tb
$393,000
cost of XDR-tb
$758,000
rifampin ADRs
hepatotoxicity, lupus-like syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, monoamine toxicity
