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8 -InfectiousClinical > Tuberculosis > Flashcards

Tuberculosis Flashcards

1
Q

Causative organism in tb

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans
Mycobacterium Bovis in animals

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2
Q

What is the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

A

Africanum
Bovis
Canetti
Microti

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3
Q

Mycobacterium tb , gram stain positive or negative

A

Positive

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4
Q

Mycobacterium tb characteristics

A

Obligate aerobe
Non spore forming
Non motile rod
Mesophile

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5
Q

What makes Mycobacterium tb resistant to detergent and antibacterial

A

Lipid rich cell wall with mycolic acid which is acid fast and retain acidic stains

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6
Q

Types of tuberculosis disease

A

Pulmonary TB
extra pulmonary tb

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7
Q

Types of pulmonary tuberculosis disease

A

Primary disease
secondary disease

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8
Q

Types of extra pulmonary tuberculosis

A

Lymph nodes tuberculosis
pleural tuberculosis
tuberculosis of upper airways
skeletal tuberculosis
genitourinary tuberculosis
miliary tuberculosis
pericardial tuberculosis
gastrointestinal tuberculosis
tuberculosis meningitis

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9
Q

Continents most affected by tuberculosis

A

Mainly Africa
Asia
South America

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10
Q

Dance with highest incidence of tuberculosis in 2011

A

Asia 59% incidence

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11
Q

First country with highest burden of tuberculosis cases

A

India

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12
Q

Main ways of spread of tuberculosis

A

Sputum
Cough
Crowded place

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13
Q

Severe symptoms of tuberculosis

A

Persistent cough
Chest pain
coughing bloody sputum
shortness of breath
Urine discoloration
cloudy and reddish urine
fever with chills
fatigue

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14
Q

Steps In the pathogenesis of tuberculosis

A

Exposure to organism
inhalation of bacteria
No infection in 50% of cases
Infection in 25 to 50% of cases
Bacteria get to lungs
bacteria enter macrophages
Bacteria multiply in macrophages
Formation of granulomatous lesion -> Caseous necrosis

Bacteria can cease to grow with lesion calcification and can reactivate later
Or
Lesion liquefies and spread to blood,organs and lead to death
Or
Bacteria coughed up in sputum

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15
Q

What is primary pulmonary tuberculosis ( aka ghon’s complex or childhood tb)

A

Infection of individual never infected or immunized

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16
Q

Characteristics of primary pulmonary tuberculosis

A

Lesions Are peripheral and accompanied by Hilar which are not always detectable on chest radiography

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17
Q

What is secondary pulmonary tuberculosis (aka post primary , reinfection, chronic tuberculosis. )

A

Individual has been previously infected or sensitized by the organism

18
Q

Centage of patients with TB that have extra pulmonary tuberculosis

A

20%

19
Q

Which type of patients are at risk of lymph nodes tuberculosis

A

HIV infected patients

20
Q

Presentation of lymph nodes tuberculosis

A

Painless swelling of lymph nodes mostly at cervical and supra clavicle nodes

21
Q

Organs involved in tuberculosis of upper airways

A

Larynx and pharynx epiglottis

22
Q

Sensation of tuberculosis of upper airways

A

Dysphagia
chronic productive cough

23
Q

Percentage of genitourinary tuberculosis in all extra pulmonary cases

A

15%

24
Q

Symptoms of genital urinary tuberculosis

A

Urinary frequency
dysuria
hematuria

25
Q

Symptoms of skeletal tuberculosis

A

Pain in hip joints and knees
swelling of knees
trauma

26
Q

Git tuberculosis symptoms

A

Abdominal pain
diarrhea
weightloss

27
Q

Generally This Is the only evidence of infection in an asymptomatic individual

A

Tiny fibrocalcific pulmonary nodule at site of infection

28
Q

How does the tuberculin PPD or Mantouxskin test work

A

It detects the mycobacteria tuberculosis antigens 2 to 4 weeks after infection through injection of proteins derivative of mycobacteria tuberculosis
If positive a Palpable induration will peak in 48 to 72 hours

29
Q

Can you differentiates infection from active disease with the tuberculin skin test

A

No
Only detect Presence of Tcell mediated immunity to microbacterial antigens

30
Q

When can you have a false positive tuberculin skin test

A

BCG vaccine
infection by atypical mYCObacteria

31
Q

Two types of pathophysiology clinical tuberculosis

A

Primary - non immune host
Secondary - host immune to M. tuberculosis

32
Q

Why is it difficult to diagnosis primary tuberculosis

A

Only 5 % clinically visible and when so , resembles an acute bacterial pneumonia

33
Q

Primary tuberculosis clinical features

A

Consolidated lobe
Hilar adenopathy
Pleural effusion

34
Q

Main part of lungs affected by secondary tuberculosis

A

Apex of upper lobes of one or both lungs

35
Q

Clinical features of secondary tuberculosis

A

Systemic - malaise, anorexia, weight loss, low grade rémittent fever

Pulmonary involvement - sputum (mucoid then purulent), hemoptysis , pleuritic pain

36
Q

Diagnostic test of tubercle bacilli

A

Acid fast smear
Sputum culture - solid agar media in 3 to 6 weeks , liquid media in 2 weeks

PCR

37
Q

I what is military tb

A

Blood borne dissemination of M tuberculosis

38
Q

Clinical features of military tb

A

2-3 weeks of fever, night sweats , anorexia , weight loss , dry cough
Hepatosplenomegaly

39
Q

How do we check for drug resistance before management

A
40
Q

G

A

8 -InfectiousClinical (7 decks)

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