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8 -InfectiousClinical > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

Type of virus in hiv

A

Rétrovirus

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2
Q

Structures present on surface of hiv virus

A

Gp120 - envelop protein
P17- matrix protein
P24 - core protein
gp41- envelope protein

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3
Q

Inside structure of the hiv virus

A

Reverse transcriptase - p64
P10 protease
RNA
P32 integrase
P34

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4
Q

Sex with higher incidence of hiv

A

Male

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5
Q

2nd most common death in men aged 25-44 years

A

AIDS

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6
Q

Places with high AIDS prevalence

A

Subsaharan Africa especially south
Russia
South Asia
South America
USA

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7
Q

Modes of transmission of hiv

A

Sexual
Drugs injection
Perinatal
Blood and blood products
Sti
Circumsion

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8
Q

Hiv pathogenesis je

A

RNA virus replicates in actively dividing T4 lymphocytes and destroy t4 helper cells

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9
Q

Family of hiv virus

A

Lentivirus

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10
Q

Three genes involved in virus

A

Gag. ( group specific antigen )
Pol ( reverse transcriptase , protease and integrase )
Env ( envelope glycoproteins)

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11
Q

4 conditions for HIV transmission

A

Hiv in infectious body fluid
Sufficient level to cause infection
Effective route of transmission
Must reach susceptible cells in another person

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12
Q

Chemokines receptors needed for hiv entry in cell

A

Chemokines receptor CCR5 is coreceptor for Monocytotropic (M-tropic) HIV-1 isolates

chemokine receptor CXCR4 is coreceptor for T-cell-tropic (T-tropic) HIV-1 isolates

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13
Q

Why is there high spontaneous mutation rate of hiv virus In T cells

A

The replication of retroviruses is prone to error (1-10 errors per genome and per round of replication)

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14
Q

Cells of the CNS infected

A

• Astrocytes
• Oligodendrocytes and
• microglial cells of the CNS

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15
Q

CNS complications of hiv infection of CNS cells

A

acute aseptic meningitis, subacute encephalitis,

myelopathy and peripheral neuropathy

focal sub-cortical demyelination and presence of multinucleated giant cells in the brain

AIDS dementia complex.

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16
Q

Impact of a good cd8 T cell response

A

slower disease progression

better prognosis, though it does not eliminate the virus

17
Q

Natural history of hiv infection

A

Acute phase -> high decreasing cd4 , low increasing viral loading

Chronic phase -> moderate cd4 and viral load

AIDS -> high viral load , low cd4

18
Q

Percentage of infected people that experience seroconversion illness

A

10%

19
Q

Median years being asymptomatic

A

8-10yrs

20
Q

Opportunistic Infection in hiv

A

Protozoal=pneumocystis catini, toxoplasmosis, crytosporidosis

Fungal=candidiasis, crytococcosis, histoplasmosis, coccidiodomycosis

Bacterial=Mycobacterium avium complex, MTB atypical mycobacterial disease, salmonella septicaemia, multiple or recurrent pyogenic bacterial infection

Viral=CMV, HSV, VZV, JCV

21
Q

A common form of cancer from infection in hiv

A

Kaposis sarcoma

22
Q

Common Tumors in hiv

A

Kaposis sarcoma

23
Q

Proportion of aids patients with aids encephalopathy

A

2/3

24
Q

Aids encephalopathy characteristics

A

Skin eruptions
Persistent diarrhea

25
Q

Investigations in hiv

A
26
Q

Type of hiv tests

A

Antibody test ( Elisa , western blot , rapid tests )

Antigen test ( p24 antigen test, PCR )

27
Q

Body fluids with high amount of hiv virus

A

Blood
CSF
Semen

28
Q

Body fluids with low amount of hiv virus

A

tears
saliva
breast milk
urine
cervical
vaginal secretions.

29
Q

Acute hiv infection main symptoms

A

Systemic : Fever , Weight loss

Central : Malaise, Headache, Neuropathy

Lymph nodes: Lymphadenopathy

Gastric: Nausea

Skin: Rash

Esophagus: Sores

Pharyngitis /Mouth: Sores, Thrush

30
Q

Triple therapy in hiv

A

NRTI - Zidovudine (AZT), Lamivudine (3TC)

NNRTI - Nevirapine(NVP), Efavirenz(EFV)

PI - Indinavir(IDV), Ritonavir(RTV), Nelfinavir(NFV)*

31
Q

Name of medication to use if in contact with infected body fluids

A

PEP

8 -InfectiousClinical (7 decks)

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