HIV

Question 1

Type of virus in hiv

Answer 1

Rétrovirus

Question 2

Structures present on surface of hiv virus

Answer 2

Gp120 - envelop protein
P17- matrix protein
P24 - core protein
gp41- envelope protein

Question 3

Inside structure of the hiv virus

Answer 3

Reverse transcriptase - p64
P10 protease
RNA
P32 integrase
P34

Question 4

Sex with higher incidence of hiv

Answer 4

Male

Question 5

2nd most common death in men aged 25-44 years

Answer 5

AIDS

Question 6

Places with high AIDS prevalence

Answer 6

Subsaharan Africa especially south
Russia
South Asia
South America
USA

Question 7

Modes of transmission of hiv

Answer 7

Sexual
Drugs injection
Perinatal
Blood and blood products
Sti
Circumsion

Question 8

Hiv pathogenesis je

Answer 8

RNA virus replicates in actively dividing T4 lymphocytes and destroy t4 helper cells

Question 9

Family of hiv virus

Answer 9

Lentivirus

Question 10

Three genes involved in virus

Answer 10

Gag. ( group specific antigen )
Pol ( reverse transcriptase , protease and integrase )
Env ( envelope glycoproteins)

Question 11

4 conditions for HIV transmission

Answer 11

Hiv in infectious body fluid
Sufficient level to cause infection
Effective route of transmission
Must reach susceptible cells in another person

Question 12

Chemokines receptors needed for hiv entry in cell

Answer 12

Chemokines receptor CCR5 is coreceptor for Monocytotropic (M-tropic) HIV-1 isolates

chemokine receptor CXCR4 is coreceptor for T-cell-tropic (T-tropic) HIV-1 isolates

Question 13

Why is there high spontaneous mutation rate of hiv virus In T cells

Answer 13

The replication of retroviruses is prone to error (1-10 errors per genome and per round of replication)

Question 14

Cells of the CNS infected

Answer 14

• Astrocytes
• Oligodendrocytes and
• microglial cells of the CNS

Question 15

CNS complications of hiv infection of CNS cells

Answer 15

acute aseptic meningitis, subacute encephalitis,

myelopathy and peripheral neuropathy

focal sub-cortical demyelination and presence of multinucleated giant cells in the brain

AIDS dementia complex.

Question 16

Impact of a good cd8 T cell response

Answer 16

slower disease progression

better prognosis, though it does not eliminate the virus

Question 17

Natural history of hiv infection

Answer 17

Acute phase -> high decreasing cd4 , low increasing viral loading

Chronic phase -> moderate cd4 and viral load

AIDS -> high viral load , low cd4

Question 18

Percentage of infected people that experience seroconversion illness

Answer 18

10%

Question 19

Median years being asymptomatic

Answer 19

8-10yrs

Question 20

Opportunistic Infection in hiv

Answer 20

Protozoal=pneumocystis catini, toxoplasmosis, crytosporidosis

Fungal=candidiasis, crytococcosis, histoplasmosis, coccidiodomycosis

Bacterial=Mycobacterium avium complex, MTB atypical mycobacterial disease, salmonella septicaemia, multiple or recurrent pyogenic bacterial infection

Viral=CMV, HSV, VZV, JCV

Question 21

A common form of cancer from infection in hiv

Answer 21

Kaposis sarcoma

Question 22

Common Tumors in hiv

Answer 22

Kaposis sarcoma

Question 23

Proportion of aids patients with aids encephalopathy

Answer 23

2/3

Question 24

Aids encephalopathy characteristics

Answer 24

Skin eruptions
Persistent diarrhea

Question 25

Investigations in hiv

Question 26

Type of hiv tests

Answer 26

Antibody test ( Elisa , western blot , rapid tests ) Antigen test ( p24 antigen test, PCR )

Question 27

Body fluids with high amount of hiv virus

Answer 27

Blood CSF Semen

Question 28

Body fluids with low amount of hiv virus

Answer 28

tears saliva breast milk urine cervical vaginal secretions.

Question 29

Acute hiv infection main symptoms

Answer 29

Systemic : Fever , Weight loss Central : Malaise, Headache, Neuropathy Lymph nodes: Lymphadenopathy Gastric: Nausea Skin: Rash Esophagus: Sores Pharyngitis /Mouth: Sores, Thrush

Question 30

Triple therapy in hiv

Answer 30

NRTI - Zidovudine (AZT)*, Lamivudine (3TC)* NNRTI - Nevirapine(NVP)*, Efavirenz(EFV)* PI - Indinavir(IDV)*, Ritonavir(RTV)*, Nelfinavir(NFV)*

Question 31

Name of medication to use if in contact with infected body fluids

Answer 31

PEP