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A&P 2 Test 4 Renal > Tube histology > Flashcards

Tube histology Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the largest amount of solute and water reabsorbed

A

The PCT, because of its large surface area d/t microvilli

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2
Q

How much glucose, AA’s, and vitamins are reabsorbed from the filtrate in the PCT

A

100%

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3
Q

True or false the PCT is a large contributor to urea recycling

A

True

50% of filtered urea is reabsorbed here

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4
Q

How is sodium transported in the PCT

A

via active transport, AA and Glucose are co-transported with it

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5
Q

Describe the events that occur when Na is reabsorbed in the PCT

A
  • AA and Glucose are co-transported with it
  • Na creates a positive charged enviroment (electrical gradient) in interstitium/peritubular capillaries/vasa recta so Cl passively flows to even out charges
  • Now that NaCl has moved into capillaries/vasa recta an osmotic gradient has been set up so water flows passively from the filtrate to the interstitium/ capillaries/vasa recta
  • Water then drags K and Ca with it, this is called solvent drag
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6
Q

When urea moves out of the PCT where does it go

A

moves passively out of the PCT and it can either be reabsorbed into peritubular capillaries/vasa recta or it can stay in the interstitium or it can go from the interstitium back into the tubule system

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7
Q

Where can urea be secreted from the interstitium to the tubule system

A
  • Descending LOH and the thin ascending LOH always

- The distal portion of DCT and collecting ducts when ADH is present

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8
Q

What parts of the tubule system are impermeable to urea

A

The thick ascending LOH and proximal DCT

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9
Q

What region starts the urea recycling process

A

The distal portion of the DCT

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10
Q

What is the effect of parathyroid hormone on the PCT/DCT

A
  • increase secretion of Phos into tubules
  • stimulates synthesis of Calcitriol in PCT cells
  • stimulates DCT cells to absorb more Ca
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11
Q

True or false solute and water reabsorption in the LOH are dependent on each other.

A

False. Solute and water reabsorption are independently regulated, unlike PCT

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12
Q

What portions of the LOH reabsorb water

A

water is only reabsorbed in the descending portion only

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13
Q

In regards to reabsorption and secretion what happens in the descending LOH

A

Water reabsorption and solute secretion

concentrates filtrate=considered the 1st concentration.

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14
Q

In regards to reabsorption and secretion what happens in the ascending LOH

A

Reabsorption of solutes

Dilutes filtrates

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15
Q

How does solute reabsorption in the ascending LOH help drive water reabsorption in the descending LOH

A

Solute reabsorption in the ascending limp creates an osmotic gradient (This part of the LOH is impermeable to H20 so water doesnt follow) in the interstitium between the two limps of the LOH and it pulls water from the descending limb from the tubule to the interstitium

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16
Q

True or false the ascending LOH is insoluble to water

A

True

17
Q

What portions of the LOH participates reabsorption of water

A

water is only reabsorbed in the descending portion only

concentrates filtrate=considered the 1st concentration.

18
Q

Where in the ascending LOH are solutes reabsorbed

A

the thick portion of the ascending LOH

19
Q

What specialized cells are found in the thick portion of the ascending LOH and what is there fxn

A

Macula densa cells

Sense concentration of Na and CL in filtrate and release ATP and adenosine as part of juxtamedullary apparatus

20
Q

What are the 2 types of specialized cells in the DCT and collecting ducts and what do they do

A
  1. Principle cells= respond to ADH (increases H20 absorption by increasing aquaporin 2 channels) and aldosterone to reabsorb Na and secret K
  2. Intercalated cells= regulate H ions and bicarb
21
Q

Describe what happens to urea in the DCT/collecting ducts in the presence of ADH

A

more water is reabsorbed, so urea follows this keeps osmotic gradient moving. Once this urea is in the interstitial fluid it travels back to the descending LOH and gets secreted back into the tubule there.

22
Q

What causes Aldosterone to be released

A

HyperK, Angiotensin II (low BP)

23
Q

What are the 2 types of intercalated cells and what does each type do

A
  1. Type A=more acidic enviroment
    - secretion of H,
    - reabsorb bicarb
    - reabsorb K
  2. Type B=more basic enviroment
    - reabsorption of H
    - secretion of bicarb
24
Q

What is the effect of ANP/BNP on the DCT/collecting duct

A

Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and water and inhibits RAAS

25
Q

Where does the final dilution/concentration of the filtrate occur

A

the collecting duct

A&P 2 Test 4 Renal (7 decks)

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