TTW Ch1

Question 1

In the field of OCD what terms are used interchangeably? Which abbreviations?

Answer 1

Response prevention AND Ritual prevention

The following abbreviations are used interchangeably to refer to exposure and response (ritual) prevention therapy:
- EX/RP
- ERP

Question 2

What are the 5 procedures used in EX/RP treatment?

Answer 2

1. Exposure in vivo
2. Imaginal exposure
3. Ritual prevention
4. Processing
5. Home visits

Question 3

What is exposure in vivo?

Answer 3

Real life exposure

Helping the client cues/triggers for obsessive thoughts

Question 4

What is imaginal exposure?

Answer 4

Having the client imagine in detail the distressing thoughts or situations

Question 5

What is ritual prevention?

Answer 5

Instructing the client to abstain from the ritualizing that they believe prevents the feared outcome or reduces distress produced by the obsession

Question 6

What is processing?

Answer 6

Discussing what happened during the exposure with the client, including changes in anxiety levels and insights about feared consequences

Question 7

What are home visits?

Answer 7

Visits to the clients home to collect information about OCD symptoms and to help with transferring and implementing treatment gains

Question 8

What is the prevalence of OCD in the US

Answer 8

• 1.6% lifetime
• 1% past year

Question 9

What is the usual age of onset of OCD? How does it differ for males and females?

Answer 9

1. Typical onset is early adolescence to young adulthood
2. Tends to be earlier in males (13-15) and later in females (20-14)

Question 10

How does the prevalence of OCD differ for males and females?

Answer 10

It does not, the prevalence of OCD among males and females is equal

Question 11

Over a lifetime, what % of people with OCD meet criteria for at least one other DSM diagnosis? What % of people with a current diagnosis of OCD also meet criteria for at least one other axis 1 disorder?

Answer 11

• 86-90%
• 50-60%

Question 12

What are the most common comorbid diagnosis with OCD?

Answer 12

Anxiety disorders

Question 13

What are the diagnostic criteria for OCD (Note see DSM 5 and add from that, this text includes criteria from dsm IV)

Answer 13

TOO ADD

Question 14

What are the main OCD symptom subtypes? (check with DSM 5)

Answer 14

• Contamination and washing/cleaning
• Obsessions about causing harm and checking
• Symmetry ordering and arranging
• Hoarding (note check DSM-5 bc I think there were changes surrounding this)
• Mental ritualizing without overt compulsions
• Poor insight

Question 15

How did Dollard and Miller conceptualize OCD?

Answer 15

Using Mowrer’s two stage theory:
- Neutral events begin to elicit fear when experienced at the same time as an event that naturally causes distress
- The anxiety can be associated with physical or mental events
- Once the fear develops, escape or avoidance behaviours develop -> rituals or compulsions
- Maintained because the obsession causes distress and the rituals reduce that distress causing reinforcement of the pattern