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icsftlom > tsikhngl5 > Flashcards

tsikhngl5 Flashcards

1
Q

Sterilization

A

Removal or destruction of all microorganisms and viruses in/on a product

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2
Q

Disinfection

A

-Elimination of most or all pathogens on/in a material.
-Does not kill all microbes

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3
Q

Sanitization

A

lowering the microbial counts to a safe level to meet public health standards

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4
Q

Degerming

A

removal of most microbes from a limited area

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5
Q

Cidal vs Static

A

Cidal: Kills microbes (e.g., bactericidal).
Static: Stops growth of microbes (e.g., bacteriostatic).

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6
Q

Antisepsis (Antiseptic)

A

Disinfection of skin or living tissue

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7
Q

Asepsis (Aseptic)

A

An area free of significant contamination.

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8
Q

Heat to Destroy Microbes

A

Methods: Boiling, pasteurization, autoclave, dry heat sterilization.

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9
Q

Boiling

A

Kills most pathogenic bacteria and viruses but not all endospores; disinfection

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10
Q

Pasteurization

A

Eliminates pathogens and lowers microbial numbers to slow spoilage

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11
Q

Autoclave

A

-A device that uses pressure and steam to sterilize materials
-Kills all endospores in about 15 minutes; best method for sterilization
-used on culture media, hospital instruments, materials that can withstand heat and moisture

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12
Q

Dry Heat Sterilization

A

-Destroys microbes by denaturing proteins
-Used for materials that are not moisture-sensitive.
-Direct flaming, incineration, hot air sterilization.

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13
Q

Hot Air Sterilization

A

a drying oven used for dry materials that are not temperature sensitive

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14
Q

Incineration

A

Effective way to dispose of contaminated materials

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15
Q

Direct Flaming

A

Used to sterilize inoculation needles and loops

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16
Q

Filtration

A

-Process of passing a liquid or air through a filter to remove microbes
-Used for sterilizing temperature-sensitive liquids and air in certain environments.
-Liquids: uses a vacuum
-Air: uses HEPA filters

17
Q

Low Temperatures

A

Slows or stops microbial growth.
- in freezing, only small portion of microbes die
-bacteriostatic

18
Q

High Pressure

A

Treatment of liquid suspensions with high pressure to kill bacterial cells
-bactericidal but does not kill endospores

19
Q

Desiccation

A

Removal of water from microbes, slowing or stopping their growth

  • Usually does not kill microbes but slows their growth (bacteriostatic)
20
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

Use of high concentrations of salts or sugars to create a hypertonic environment, killing or inhibiting microbial growth.

21
Q

Radiation

A

Ultraviolet
- Destroys DNA
- Xrays and gamma rays penetrate
materials
- UV and high energy electron
beams used on surfaces
Microwaves
- Do not kill microorganisms
directly
- Heats water
- High temperatures can be used
to disinfect materials

22
Q

Disk Diffusion Method

A

Disks soaked in disinfectant are placed on agar plates inoculated with bacteria, and effectiveness is determined by the zone of inhibition

23
Q

Phenolic Compounds (Phenols)

A

Disrupts plasma membranes and denatures proteins (bactericidal)

  • Suitable for disinfection of surfaces contaminated with saliva, pus, feces
    -Examples: Lysol, Hexachlorophene, Triclosan.
24
Q

Chlorhexidine (Biguanides)

A

Attacks plasma membrane (bactericidal) and controls microbes on skin and mucous membranes; only kills some viruses and not endospores

-Examples: Skin creams, disinfectants, mouthwash containing chlorhexidine.

25
Q

Halogens

A

Destroys proteins and membranes (bactericidal) and are used as disinfectants and antiseptics

-Examples: Household bleach (chlorine), tincture of iodine, iodophor (Betadine)

26
Q

Alcohols

A

Denature proteins and disrupt membranes; kills bacteria and fungi but not endospores and some viruses

-Examples: Ethanol (70% most effective), isopropanol (rubbing alcohol).

27
Q

Heavy Metals

A

Silver Nitrate
- Eye drops for newborn against
Ophthalmia Neonatorum
Silver Sulfadiazine
- Cream for burns
Silver Ions
- Incorporated into bandages and
catheters to slow growth of
microbes
Copper Sulfate
- Used to inhibit algae in
reservoirs
Mercuric Chloride
- Used in paint to control mildew
Zinc Chloride
- Used as antiseptic in
mouthwashes

28
Q

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Quats)

A

Kills most bacteria, fungi, and some viruses; does not kill endospores or some Gram Negative Bacteria

-example: Cepacol

29
Q

Gaseous Chemo Sterilizers

A

Chemical gases used for sterilization and kills all microbes including endospores and viruses.

-Examples: Ethylene oxide.

30
Q

Oxidizing Agents

A

Used as antiseptics, disinfectants, and for water treatment to oxidize and denature proteins

-Examples:
Hydrogen Peroxide (antiseptic for wounds)
Ozone (used w/ chlorine to disinfect water)
Benzoyl Peroxide (antiseptic on skin)
-Kills anaerobic bacteria living in
tissues (bacteria that can cause
acne)

icsftlom (6 decks)

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