TSA EMB145 Study Guide Flashcards
Airplane Description:Length?Height?Wingspan?
Length 98ftHeight 22ft 2inWingspan 65ft 9in (XR: 68ft 11in)
Airplane Description:Cabin Height?Number of rows?Emergency exit row?
Cabin Height 6ftNumber of rows 18 (1-11, 18-24 UA)Exit row 12 or 18(UA)
How many Vortex generators are on each wing?
12groups of 9 and 3
Describe air stair door operation?
2 hydraulic actuators powered by system 1 or by accumulator allow the door to be raised or lowered. The accumulator has the capacity for 4 door operating cycles. The operation can be controlled inside or outside through the entrance panel, through the exterior main door control panel, or manually by an outside ground attendant.
How many people allowed on the stairs?
3 Max
What does Door Blocked” mean?”
Solenoid Valve Failure.The main door actuator line remained pressurized when the door was closed.
What do you do if the door becomes Blocked”?”
There is an alternate opening valve located in the cockpit on the floor next to the FO’s center console, or an outside access panel on the right nose section that will depressurize the door close line and allow the door to be opened.
How many and location of access panels?
3
FWD electronics compartment (nose well)
Under cockpit access hatchRear electronics compartment
Type of emergency exits and doors?
Main doorService doorFueling panel access doorEmergency exit hatches (2) row 12 or 18(UA) window plug typeBaggage Door
How will you know if a door or access hatch is open?
There will be an EICAS caution message on the doors” section of the T/O page on the MFD.”
What happens with the security door if the cockpit pressure is lower than cabin pressure?
The pressure sensitive latch releases allowing the decompression panel to partially open.
What does the crew awareness system do?
It provides a variety of visual, aural, and sensitive warnings to notify the crew regarding system status, malfunctions, and abnormal aircraft configurations.
What do the DAU’s do?
They are the central data collection points for theEICAS. DAU 1 collects data from the forward aircraft systems and engine 1. DAU 2 collects data from the aft aircraft systems and engine 2. Engine data is sent through the FADEC and directly from engine sensors. They convert the data to a digital signal and send it to the IC-600’s. The DAU’s are multi-channel. Channel A is primary and B is for backup.
How do you select channel B on a DAU?
Manually through the DAU reversionary panel.
What is the IC-600’s function?
Take data from the DAU’s and other aircraft computers and process the data. They interact with each other and send outputs to the Aural Warning unit to generate a tone indicating a caution or warning message when there is an abnormal situation.
What happens if you loose IC-600 1?
The PFD 1, MFD 1, and EICAS will display a red X. The Engine Backup Page will automatically display on RMU 1.
What happens if you loose IC-600 2?
The PFD 2 and MFD 2 will display a red X.
If the IC-600 1 or 2 goes offline, how can we display the good computers information on the affected displays?
Press the SG button on the affected side’s reversionary panel.
Are the CRT displays interchangeable?
Yes
What are the 5 system pages available on the MFD.
(H FEET)Hydraulic and BrakesFuelElectricalEnvironmental and Ice ProtectionTake off and Doors Page
Can the PFD and EICAS be displayed on the MFD?
Yes, if selected on the reversionary panel.
RMU’s may be selected to display what backup information for the PFD, MFD, and EICAS?
NavigationEngine InfoSystems InfoSome EICAS messages
Are all the displays on the same electrical bus?
No, 4 different buses
What buses do the displays and IC-600’s use?
PFD 1 and MFD 2: DC Bus 1AMFD 1, PFD 2, TBCH and IC-600 2: DC Bus 2EICAS, RMU 1 and IC-600 1: Essential DC Bus 1ISIS and RMU 2: Essential DC Bus 2
What will you see on the displays if you lose DC Bus 1?
PFD 1 and MFD 2 blank (blackout)
What will you see on the displays if you lose DC Bus 2?
MFD 1, PFD 2 and TBCH blank.MFD 2 red X.
What will you see on the displays if you lose Essential DC Bus 1?
EICAS and RMU 1 blank.PFD 1 and MFD 1 red X.
What will you see on the displays if you lose Essential DC Bus 2?
ISIS and RMU 2 blank.
How many built in tests do the IC600’s have? What are they?
3Power up ContinuousPilot Initiated
How is the IC-600 tested, and what happens?
Pressing and holding the test button on the display control panel. The first test displays the failure modes and the second test checks the IC-600 internal interfaces.
What are the crew awareness EICAS message levels and what do they mean?
Warning (Red): always on top; requires immediate crew action.Caution (Amber): after warning messages; requires immediate crew awareness.Advisory (Cyan): after caution messages; minor failure or system status.
How many messages can be displayed on the EICAS at one time?
15 At once.The bezel knob allows you to cycle through the messages if there are more than 15.
What is the Inhibition logic for EICAS messages during Takeoff and Landing?
TakeoffV1-15 to: 400ft AGL orCAS below 60kts or After 1 min.Landing200ft AGL to: WOW +3 sec orAfter 1 min.
What systems does the aural warning unit receive signals from?
TCASGPWSWindshear DetectionIC-600’sFire DetectionStall ProtectionTrimsFlapsBrakesSpoilersRAAuto PilotLanding GearADCPressurizationSELCAL
What provides power to the AWU?
One DC bus and One Essential DC bus.A”-primary”B”-backupIf “A” fails “B” is selected automatically.”
How many chimes is a Red Warning and how often is it repeated?
3 repeated every second(DING DING DING)
How many chimes is a Caution and how often is it repeated?
1 repeated every 5 seconds(DING)
What triggers the takeoff configuration warning when the button is pressed or any thrust lever >60*?
F BST (Fat BaSTard)FlapsBrakesSpoilersTrim
Describe the stall protection system (SPS)
The SPS consist of:1 Computer 2 independent channels,SPS Panel,2 AOA sensors,2 Stick shaker acutuators,1 Stick Pusher (Captain’s side).
To avoid bogus warnings the SPS takes into account:
Icing ConditionsWindshearGear PositionFlap SettingMach Number
What inhibition logic does the stick pusher incorporate?
(2C’s, 2G’s, 2 200’s, and a Q)Channel Inop,Cutout button pressed,On the Ground,Below .5 G’s,>200 KIAS,Below 200ft or 10sec after T/O if RA Inop,Quick Disconect Button Pressed
When is the SPS test button illuminated?
Start up orUnsuccessful test.
What does the pitch limit indicator represent?
The remaining margin left for the stick shaker AOA set point?
What are the pitch limit indications?
Green (10 to 5)Amber (5 to 2)Red (< 2*)
What is the difference between EGPWS and GPWS?
Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System has terrain mapping.
What are the 2 windshear alerts and what triggers them?
Caution (amber) increasing headwind and/or updraft.Increasing Performance”Warning (red) increasing tailwind and/or downdraft.”Decreasing Performance””
What is windshear escape guidance mode?
Minimize Altitude loss and Speed loss. It provides pitch command to recover from windshear encounters.
When does the Windshear Escape Guidance Mode engage?
What flight director modes are inhibited when a windshear caution or warning is present?
Altitude Preselect Mode,Go Around andTakeoff Mode.No lateral modes are inhibited.
In order of priority, what are the requirements the Windshear Escape Guidance Mode is designed to meet?
Prevent the airplane from:StallingDescendingExceeding Vmo
When are Resolution Advisories inhibited?
Below 600ft AGL ClimbingBelow 400ft AGL Descending
What are the TCAS altitude bands?
Normal: +/-1200ft auto or +/-2700ft manualAbove: +7000ft to -2700ftBelow: -7000ft to +2700ft
What is the Aircraft Electrical system comprised of?
4 28V DC/400A engine driven Generators1 APU 28V DC/400A Starter-generator2 24V DC/44Ah Ni-Cad batteries1 24V DC/5Ah Lead-Acid backup batteryExternal power source (GPU 28V DC)
What Generators charge the batteries?
Gen 1 and 3 charge battery 1 and B/U battery.Gen 2 and 4 charge battery 2.
What happens in a generator over-voltage situation?
The GCU takes the associated generator offline.
What happens when a bus fails?
A bus failure will cause an over-current condition to one or more generators. The GCU isolates the system network by opening BTC’s. If the generators remain overloaded then the GCU will take it offline.
Does the GPU have priority over the batteries and/or generators?
Yes, when selected.
How do you reset a tripped GPU?
Release and press the button again.
What is powered when GPU AVAIL” is illuminated and the batteries are off?”
Ground Service Bus
When are the Engine Generators brought online?
56.4% N2
Which battery starts the APU?
2#1 is isolated from the start to prevent voltage transients.
If 4 to 5 generators are online, how many independent electrical networks do we have?
2 Networks All Buses
If 3 generators are online, how many independent electrical networks do we have?
1 Network All Buses
If 2 generators are online, will the shed buses be on?
Not in flight. On the ground you can select Shed Bus OVRD to get Shed Buses.
If all generators are lost in flight, what will the batteries supply power to?
Essential Buses and Central DC Bus to allow for APU start.
How long will battery power last with complete generator failure?
40min to include 3 APU start attempts.45 if Pitot 3 Sensor Heating Button deselected.
Will shed buses be online on the ground with GPU selected?
Yes
What does the ground service bus power?
Cockpit Dome LightsCourtesy Stair LightsGalley LightsPassenger Cabin LightsLavatory LightsBaggage/service Compartment Lights
What is the AC electrical system comprised of?
1 Single Phase Static Inverter(250VA/400Hz),which converts 28V DC into 115V AC powered by DC Bus 1.
What is on the 115V AC Bus?
GPWSWSHRMQAR (FOQA)ACARS PRNTR
During normal flight operations, what contactors will be open?
BTC 1 and EIC
How long do Photoluminescent Emergency lights last?
Initially 4.75 hours after a 15min charge.
Can you activate the APU Fire Extinguishing system with the battery off?
No, its on DC Bus 2.
Can you activate the Engine Fire Extinguishing system with the batteries off?
Yes, its on the Hot Bus.
How does the sensor tube determine an overheat condition?
Expanding helium gas pressures trigger a switch, which activates the warning system.
How does the sensor tube determine a fire or high-intensity over heat condition?
An expanding hydrogen impregnated core increase internal prssure and triggers a switch which activates the warning system.
How do you know if the sensor tube is inoperative?
An integrity switch monitors the sensor tubes integrity and signals if inoperative.
What valves do the Fire Handles close when pulled?
Fuel
HydraulicBleed Air Lip Anti-icing
What happens when you press the Fire Detection test button?
Fire Handles IlluminateFire Bell soundsWARNING/CAUTION Lights IlluminateBaggage Fire Extinguishing button illuminatesThree EICAS WARNINGS:APU FIRE, ENG 1(2) FIRE, BAGG SMOKETwo EICAS CAUTIONS:APU FIREDET FAIL, ENG1(2) FIREDET FAIL
What happens when you press the APU Fire Extinguishing Button?
The APU fuel shutoff valve closes and the APU fire extinguishing bottle is discharged.
What happens when you hold the fire detection test button for less than 2sec or more than 10sec?
Less than 2sec, Baggage Fire extinguishing button remains illuminated.More than 10sec, APU will shutdown.
How is the lavatory fire-extinguishing bottle activated?
A seal burns off allowing the bottle to discharge.
How can we inspect the baggage compartment from inside the airplane?
A sight glass inside the lavatory.
Explain the Fire Extinguishing System in the baggage compartment?
2 BottlesOne Fast Discharge Bottle andOne Metering Bottle (50min discharge)
What reasons will cause the Baggage Fire-Extinguishing Button to illuminate?
Smoke detected in baggage compartment orBaggage compartment fan is deactivated orFire Detection Test Button pushed for less than 2 seconds.
What happens when the baggage fire-extinguishing button is pressed?
Both Butter Fly Valves Close.Both Extinguishing bottles discharge.Fan is deactivated.
How does fuel flow from the wing tip to the wing root?
Gravity
What traps fuel in the wing root and submerges the fuel pumps?
Collector box
What does the fuel vent system do and what does it consist of?
It prevents the buildup of positive and negative pressure in the tank. It consist of a NACA air inlet, a surge box and 2 float valves.
How many Electric Fuel Pumps does each wing tank have?
3
How many total electric fuel pumps are required for takeoff and go-around?
2 (1 per engine)
If you lose all electric fuel pumps will the engines stop?
No, the FPMU will provide enough suction to run the engine.
Can you transfer fuel from one tank to the other?
No, a check valve prevents this.
How can we use fuel from the left tank to supply the APU?
Crossfeed to LOW2
What does the flame arrestor do?
Prevents an outside fire from entering the fuel tank.
When defueling, which tank is fuel extracted from?
2, right side
How can we extract fuel from the #1 (left tank) during defueling?
Set crossfeed to LOW 2
How many direct measuring sticks per wing does the aircraft have?
EP/MP: 2LR/XR: 3
How do you check fuel using the direct measuring sticks?
Start with the outboard first, if it reads you can stop, otherwise move inboard until you get a reading. Then compare the number to the chart to determine how much fuel is in the tank.
Describe the APU and it’s functions?
A source of electrical and pneumatic power that can be used simultaneously or independent of aircraft sources, while on the ground or in flight. It is a constant speed gas tubine engine, consisting of a single-stage centrifugal compressor, a reverse-flow annular combustion chamber, and a single-stage radial turbine.
What will cause an APU to automatically shut down on the ground?
Fire, Over Temp, Over Speed, Under Speed, Failure to Accelerate, Failure to Light, Loss of Speed Data, External Short, Loss of FADEC(ESU) signal, FADEC(ESU) Failure, Bleed Valve Opening, Low Oil Pressure, High Oil Temperature, Oil Pressure Switch Short or Loss of EGT
What will cause an APU to automatically shut down in flight?
Over Speed, Under Speed, Failure to Accelerate, Failure to Light, Loss of Speed Data, External Short, Loss of FADEC(ESU) signal or FADEC(ESU) Failure
If a fire is detected in the APU on the ground, will it immediately shut down?
No, a 10sec delay occurs before shutdown.
Where does the APU get its fuel?
2 Right Tank
Does the APU use oil from the engines?
No, it has its own self contained lubricating system.
When do you begin to use APU electrical power?
7 seconds after the APU reaches 95% rotor speed.
How long after starting the APU should you wait to use the APU Bleed per the SOP?
3 min
How does the APU start?
APU Starter Generator
What are the 2 air vents under the APU cowling?
The left side is for the starter generator intake and the right is for APU compartment cooling.
How does the ESU (c11) model test the overspeed protection?
When the stop button is pressed, a signal is sent to the ESU to simulate an overspeed condition, which will shut down the APU.
When does the FADEC (c14) model test the overspeed protection?
During FADEC power up.
Where does the stop button cutoff fuel for the APU?
At the APU.
Where does the shutoff valve cutoff fuel for the APU?
At the wing root.
What is Ground Safe mode?
IRS units - OFFEmergency Lights - OFFBatteries - OFFAPU Bleed - OFFAPU GEN - ON
How many volts do you need for APU start?
min 22 volts
What is the EP and LR thrust rating?
EP: 7426 @ ISA +15LR: 7426 @ ISA +30
What are the main design features of the AE3007?
Single Stage Fan14 stage axial flow compressor with inlet guide vanes and 5 variable geometry stator vanes.2 stage high-pressure turbine(N2) to drive the compressor.3 stage low-pressure turbine(N1) to drive the fan.Dual FADEC’sAccessory Gear BoxPneumatic System
What is the bypass ratio?
5:01
Compressor Variable Geometry (CVG) startors are for what stages?
1 thru 5 and for the inlet guide vanes.
What controls the CVG?
FADEC sends signal to the FPMU.
What does the forced air mixer do?
It mixes air from the engine bypass and the core gas stream to lower the pressure ratio and control noise.
What drives the accesory gearbox?
N2 through a Tower Shaft
What stages are the bleed air?
9th and 14th stage.
When do we use 14th stage Bleed Air?
Low Thrust SettingA/I operationCrossbleed Start
What’s on the accesory gearbox?
(FAGHOP)FPMUATSGenerators (2)Hydraulic PumpOil PumpPMA
What are the components of the fuel system?
FPMUFCOCCVG actuatorsFuel Nozzles
What 2 secondary functions does the fuel system have?
Engine Oil CoolingFuel Pressure to Activate CVG’s
Describe the FPMU’s function?
Electrical - Mechanical unit, which incoporates engine fuel pumping, filtering, and metering under command of the FADEC. It supplies the correct pressure and flow rate to the fuel nozzles during start, stop, and engine operation, and it also conrols the CVG vanes.
What pumps are in the FPMU?
1 High Pressure Gear Pump1 Low Pressure Centrifugal Pump
Can fuel bypass the FCOC?
No
Can oil bypass the FCOC?
Yes, when the fuel temp risses above 93.3C or when the oil differential pressure is above 50psi.
What is the purpose of the CVG Vanes?
To maximize engine efficiency and prevent compressor stalls.
How many fuel nozzles does each engine have?
16
What is the range of the fuel flow meter’s reading?
130 - 4300 pph
How many quarts of oil do the tanks hold?
12 quarts
What is the minimum amount of oil for dispatch?
6 quartsAdvise MX if oil is below 8 quarts.Write up if oil is below 6 quarts.
What is the highest reading of oil on the left and right engine?
Left - 14Right - 13Due to sensor position.
How many pumping elements does the oil system have and what are their functions?
65 scavange pumps that pump oil from the sumps and the gear box to the oil tank and 1 pressure pump that pumps oil from the tank to the system.
Why do the engine sumps and the oil tank vent to the accessory gear box?
It acts as an air/oil separator.
Can oil bypass the oil filter?
Yes, through a bypass valve during cold starts or when the filter is contaminated.
What are the 5 sumps?
FanFWDCenterAFT AGB
What bleed air stage assist in normal engine start?
9th stage
What provides primary electrical power for the engine FADEC’s and ignition system?
PMA
What is sufficent power for the PMA to run the ignitors?
> 10% N2
If the PMA fails will the ignitors work?
No, PMA is the only power source for the ignitors.
How many ignitors does each engine have?
2
What can the pneumatic start source be supplied from?
APUGround AirCross Bleed Start from opposite ENG
What does the Air Turbine Starter (ATS) do?
It converts pneumatic energy into driving torque for engine gas generator spool acceleration during engine start.
What does the Starter Control Valve (SCV) do?
It regulates the pressure to the ATS and provides isolation from the pneumatic system after startup.
What are the differant idle settings?
Ground (64%)Flight (69%)Icing (Whatever it takes)
When will icing idle be cancelled?
Gear down below 15,000 ft.
How many FADEC’s does each engine have?
2
Will the engine quit if the PMA fails?
No
When does the PMA power the FADEC’s?
At a min of 50% N2.
If you lose both FADEC’s will the engine still run?
No, the engine control system will shut off fuel flow and move the CVG vanes to the closed position.
What is the role of the standby FADEC?
It monitors all inputs, performs all computations and built-in tests, and fault protection.
Will the FADEC try to prevent an engine over-speed?
Yes, if the FADEC determines that a higher fuel flow rate will result in an over-speed condition then it will limit fuel flow to prevent it.
Are both ignition systems energized during in-flight restarts?
Yes
What happens if there is a loss of the N1 speed signal?
The FADEC stores data on the correlation between N1 and N2, and will control thrust governing N2 speed. N1 data will not be displayed on the EICAS if this condition exists.
Can the FADEC operate with multiple faults?
Yes, the faults will be sent to the MX computer.
When does the FADEC consider the engine to be started?
@ 56.4% N2
Why do the FADEC’s crosstalk with the other engine’s FADEC’s?
ATTCSReverser Interlock
What are the thrust modes?
E-T/O RSV (XR Only)E-T/O (XR Only)T/O-1 RSV (XR Only)T/O-1ALT T/O-1CLBCONCRZ
What inputs does the FADEC need for takeoff?
Takeoff ModeAir Temp w/in 10*CAnti-icing ON/OFF
During takeoff, what is the earliest you can select Climb Mode?
500ft AGL
What happens when there is an engine failure and ATTCS is activated?
It automatically resets the thrust rating to TO-1 and in some thrust and ambient conditions the FADEC will close the Packs.
When is ATTCS armed?
When both engines are ATTCS capable (ALT TO-1 mode selected) and the associated thrust lever is =/>45*.
When is ATTCS triggered?
Thrust lever on opposite engine reduced below 38*TLA.Either FADEC receives an opposite engine or on-side engine inoperative condition.Opposite engine does not indicate ATTCS being armed w/in 2 sec of the on-side being armed.Opposite engine disarms ATTCS and the on-side does not disarm w/in 2 sec.
When does the FADEC activate the ignition system?
During start above 15% N2 orFlameout detected
Will the FADEC stop the start process if the ITT exceeds the reference limit?
Yes, it automatically commands an engine shutdown for an overtemp on the start.
What do you do after an aborted start?
QRH: Abnormal Engine Start ChecklistDry Motor Checklist
Will the Start/Stop Selector turn off the engine if the thrust lever is not in idle?
No
Describe the lock protection system for the thrust reversers?
The system incorporates 3 locking systems. The primary and secondary locks are electronically controlled and hydraulically powered to unlock. The tertiary lock is electronically controlled and powered to unlock.
When will the reversers deploy if selected?
Ground indication from both main gear and the wheel speed of 25kts or ground indication from both main gear and nose wheel.
What hydraulic system controls the ailerons and rudder?
1 and 2
What systems are fed off Hydraulic System #1?A way to remember is (BILT ARMS) on a (BOATER)BILT ARMS for #1 and BOATER for #2”
(BILT ARMS)Brakes (outboard)Inboard SpoilerLanding GearT/R (Left)AileronRudderMain DoorSteering
What systems are fed off hydraulic system #2?
(BOATER)Brakes (Inboard)Outboard SpoilersAileronT/R (Right)Emergency BrakeRudder
At what temperature does the hydraulic fluid trigger the High Temp” message?”
90*C
What pressure does the hydraulic pumps supply?
3000 psi Engine Pumps2900 psi Electrical Pumps
When will the electric hydraulic pump turn on in auto mode?
Engine Pump drops below 1600 psi or N2 < 56.4%
How and why is the hydraulic reservoir pressurized?
It prevents the pump from cavitating, by using fluid drained from the pressure line.
What two ways would close the hydraulic shutoff valve?
Fire Handle orEngine Pump Shutoff Button
What does the hydraulic manifold do?
Filters (return and pressure lines)Relieves (over-pressure relief)Reads (pressure indications on all pumps)
What does the priority valve do?
If the electric hydraulic pump is powering the system and the gear is selected up, the priority valve will provide minimum flow to the gear in order to keep pressure up for the flight controls. The gear will use accumulator pressure.
What do the hydraulic accumulators do?
They provide 3000 psi to operate the landing gear, main door, and emergency brakes; and prevent surges of the hydraulic pump.
If the engine fails will the hydraulic system work?
Yes, provided the associated electric pump switch is set to Auto or On position
How many and where are the WOW proximity swithces?
5, 2 on each main and 1 on the nose gear.
What systems use the nose proximity signal?
T/R logicSteering control
How does the Landing Gear Extension Unit (LGEU) know the plane is on the ground?
The 4 main gear proximity switches are used. 3 must indicate identical status. If one signal is invalid then 2 must indicate identical status. If 2 are invalid then both must agree.
How do the Main Gear Doors open?
They are mechanically linked to the gear.
How do the Nose Gear Doors open?
Electrically commanded and Hydraulically actuated, in sequence with the nose gear.
How are the Gear and Doors held up?
The nose gear door actuators are kept pressurized. Main and nose gear are held by uplocks (J hooks).
Does the Landing Gear Lever open a Hydraulic Valve?
No, it is an electrical switch that signals the LGEU.
What holds the Gear down and locked?
Over center struts.
What prevents inadvertent ground retraction by the Landing Gear Lever?
A solenoid blocks the lever on the ground.
How does the Electrical Override Extension work?
When selected, the system bypasses the LGEU and directly actuates the electrovalve and the nose gear door solenoid. The 3 step switch drops the nose gear doors, the gear, and then depressurizes the system.
How does the Free-Fall Extension work?
The free-fall lever unlocks the uplocks and depressurizes the system. The gear falls by gravity.
How many gear position proximity switches are there?
124 on each gear
When do you get a Landing Gear Warning when the Gear isn’t down and locked?
RA below 1200 ft., orFlaps set to 45* in flight.
Describe Anti-Skid Protection?
When the BCU determines that one wheel has fallen below the average wheel speed. It then relieves pressure from that side until the wheel speed matches the other side. Then normal braking is restored.
When does the Anti-skid deactivate and why?
Below 10 kts wheel speed, to allow the pilot to pivot during a Sharp turn.
Describe Lock Wheel Protection?
If one wheel falls below 30% then full brake pressure is relieved to that wheel. Deactivated below 30kts.
When is touchdown protection activated?
WOW +3sec or >50kt wheel speed.
What should you do while releasing or applying the parking brake?
Press and hold the brake pedals to prevent fluid transfer.
How long does the accumulator hold Parking Brake pressure?
24 hours
How many cycles does the Accumulator have pressure for?
6 CyclesAfter Accumulator Low PRSSR” on EICAS
Who controls the brakes?
Whoever is pushing harder.
How is nose wheel steering accomplished?
Rudder pedals, and the steering hand wheel send signals to potentiometers, which command a hydraulic manifold to pressure a steering actuator.
How many degrees of steering is available?
76 Total5* Rudder71* Tiller
What is the minimum radius turn for the aircraft?
69 ft 7 in
Why does the whole horizontal stabilizer move?
In the high speed ranges a normal trim tab would be ineffective.
How are the elevators actuated?
Through fully duplicated command circuits (pulleys and rods).
Why does one cable go to the elevator via the roof and the other one through the floor?
In case of damage to one part of the cabin due to engine failure.
What side of the controls is the stick pusher on?
Captains
What will the elevator disconnect handle do?
Separate the elevator panels per side.
Can we use the Auto Pilot if the elevators or ailerons are disconnected?
No
If you are the FO, which elevator will move if disconnected?
Right Side
What is the trim range?
4* Nose Down to 10* Nose Up
What does the Horizontal Stabilizer Actuator consist of?
One electro-mechanical actuator powered by 2 DC motors. Only one motor is on at a time.
Will Pitch Trim speed vary?
Yes, it slows as airspeed increases.
Does the Stick Shaker inhibit the Pitch Trim?
Only the UP command.
Who has Pitch Trim priority?
Yoke to Yoke - CaptainYoke to Backup - First Activation
How long can the Pitch Trim be activated before it is automatically turned off?
3 sec
When does the Pitch Trim deactivate?
8 to 16 sec of continuous activation
What moves the Servo Tabs?
Elevator, it is mechanically linked and deflects in the opposite direction to reduce control pressure.
What moves the Spring Tab?
At high speeds the elevator torsion bar will not be able to move the elevator; so the torsion tube will turn the torque tube and actuate the spring tab causing the elevator and servo tab to move.
Which is the Spring Tab?
The inner tab and it moves opposite to the elevator.
Which side is the Autopilot Servo located on?
Captains
Which side is the Artificial Feel Unit on?
First Officer
If both Hydraulic Systems have been lost can the Ailerons be moved?
Yes, mechanically through the control wheel.
How is Roll Trim performed?
Relocating the aileron’s neutral position.
How is Aileron Roll Trim actuated?
Electromechanically through the artificial feel unit.
At what speed is the Rudder System 1 shutoff?
> 135 KIAS
When does Rudder Hard Over protection kick in?
Force on pedal >130lbs andRudder pedal deflection 5* +/-1* opposite direction of rudder deflection andBoth engines running
What does Rudder Hard Over protection do?
Cuts off hydraulic pressure to the rudder system, allowing mechanical rudder input only.
How is Yaw Trim activated?
Electro-mechanically
How does the Elector-mechanical Gust Lock secure the elevator?
Locking pins driven into the elevator panels, and is de-energized during flight.
What types of Flaps on the EMB145?
Double Slotted Fowler Flaps
How do the Flaps work?
The flap lever sends an electrical signal to the FECU which signals 2 electic motors to turn the flex shaft. The flex shaft powers the ball/screw actuators, which lower or raise the flaps. When the flaps reach the desired angle, the velocity sensors signal the FECU, which signals the flap transmission brake to stop the movement.
What prevents an Asymetrical Flap condition?
2 velocity sensors signal the FECU that an asymetrical condition exist. The FECU then signals the flap transmission brake to stop the movement.
How will you know if one Flap Motor has failed?
A FLAP LOW SPEED” message on the EICAS and the flap position gauge will show each degree of movement.”
How do the Spoilers actuate?
A signal from the spoiler control unit is sent to either or both the ground spoiler and the speed brake valves, which hydraulically actuate the spoiler/speed brakes.
Which panels are the Speed Brakes?
Outboard
When are the Ground Spoilers enabled?
On GroundMain Gear Wheel Speed above 25kts Both Thrust Levers below 30*
When are the Speed Brakes enabled?
Thrust Lever angle below 50Flaps 0 or 9*
What provides Pitch Trim command when the Speed Brakes are actuated?
Autopilot orSpoiler Control Unit
Where does the Pneumatic System receive hot compressed air?
Engine Compressor StageAPUGround Pneumatic Source
When does the 14th Stage Bleed open?
Anti-ice OperationCrossbleed StartLow Engine Thrust
When is the 9th Stage Bleed open?
Any time the 14 stage is closed.
When will the Leak Detectors close the Bleed Valves?
When mass leaks are detected.
If the APU Bleed Valve is open can ENG 1 Bleed be open?
NO
When will the Crossbleed Valve open when set to Auto?
ENG 2 StartingCrossbleed Start from ENG 2Ground Cart StartHorizontal Stab Anti-icing Open
How many time does Bleed Air pass through the Heat Exchanger?
TwiceOnce through the Primary Once through the Secondary Heat Exchanger.
Where does water from the Water Separator go and why?
To the heat exchanger, to improve heat exchanger efficency.
When does RAM air enter the cabin?
Only when the environmental conrol units’ air supply has been cut-off in flight.
When does the Pneumatic System’s logic automatically shut off Pack 1?
In icing below 24,600 Ft.
What controls the temperature in auto mode?
The digital temperature controllers that receive information from the temperature sensors, maintaining the temperature set on the temperature knob.
When should the Recirculation Fan be off?
Smoke in cabin.
What does the Gasper Fan do?
Provides air to the eyeball outlets; cools the rear electronics compartment; O2 cylinder compartment and relay box.
Can you turn the Gasper Fan off on the ground?
No
When in Auto Pressurization mode which Outflow Valve is controlling?
The electro-pneumatic valve and the pneumatic valve is slaved to it.
What altitude does the Cabin Pressurize the aircraft for landing?
300 Ft below selected field elevation.
When in Manual Pressurization Mode, which Outflow Valve is used?
Pneumatic Valve OnlyThe electro pneumatic valve is kept closed.
Will the Dump Mode work in manual mode?
No
How do you Dump the cabin in manual mode?
Turn the manual control knob to the full up position.
Why does the cabin pressurize to 0.2 psi below the T/O altitude?
To prevent cabin bump and to keep a controlled cabin altitude.
If the Dump Button is pressed in Auto Mode, what will the cabin altitude rise to?
14,500 or ambient pressure if below 14,500.
Will the Packs be turned off automatically for T/O-1 takeoff?
Yes, the FADEC sends a discret signal to the ECU to shut the packs off.
What is the Foward Electronics Bay cooling comprised of?
2 NACA Vents for intake.2 Water Seperators to prevent moisture.2 Check Valves - electrically controled to cut off outside air.2 Recirculation Fans for moving air.2 Exhaust Fans to allow air to escape.4 Control Thermostats.2 Over-temperature thermostats to maintain constant compartment temperature.4 Inverter Modules to power Fans.2 Shutoff Valves
What is the Baggage Compartment Ventalation System comprised of?
2 Check Valves1 Fan
What are the Hot Air-Heated areas?
Wing Leading EdgeHorizonal Stabalizer Leading EdgeEngine Inlet Lip
What are the Electrically Heated areas?
Windshields, Pitot Tubes, Pitot-Static, AOA Sensors, TAT Probes, ADC’s, Pressurization Static Ports, Lav Water Drain and Water Service Nipples.
Where does Anti-icing Bleed Air exit the wing?
Through dedicated slots under the wing.
Can APU Bleed Air be used for Anti-icing operations?
No
When will the Wing and Stabilizer Anti-icing Valves open?
Ice detection system test knob is set to 1 or 2 on the ground, or In flight during icing conditions, or in flight with override set to ALL, or wheel speed greater than 25kts and ice detected.
When will the Engine Anti-icing Valves open?
On the ground in ENG or ALL.In flight in ENG or ALL.AUTO if ice is detected.
Where does Anti-icing Bleed Air exit the stabilizer and why?
At the stabilizer wing tip to deice the horns.
How many Temperature Sensors are on the windshield and what are they for?
3Temperature ControlOverheat ProtectionA spare for MX should the other two fail.
When is TAT 1 or TAT 2 heated?
Whenever engine anti-icing is functioning or the plane is in the air.
When are Pitot/Static 3 and Pressurization System Static Port 2 heated?
In any flight condition.
When are Pitot 1 and 2, Pitot/Static 3, AOA 1 and 2, ADS Static Ports, and Pressurization/Static Ports 1 and 2 heated?
When at least One Engine is running.
In Auto mode, how much ice does it take to activate the ice detection system?
.5 mm
How do the Ice Detectors work?
The probe vibrates at a preset frequency. When ice reduces the vibration by a preset amount the sensor sends out an icing signal. Simultaneously, the probes internal heaters are energized and melt the accumulated ice. Once deiced, the probe cools in a few seconds. The ice signal remains activate for 60 seconds, when another sensing cycle is initiated.
What type O2 mask are in the cockpit?
Dilutor/DemandContinuous Flow available for smoke in cabin.
How many PBE’s are in the Aircraft.
31 in the cockpit2 in the cabin
What does Dilutor/Demand mean?
It does not supply a continuous flow of O2. It only supplies O2 when you breathe in, and dilutes the O2 up to FL330 then goes to 100%.
What type of O2 mask do the passngers have?
Continuous Flow
When will the Passenger Masks deploy in Auto Mode?
Above 14,000 Ft +/- 500 Ft Cabin Altitude.
What visual signs occur when the latches for the Pax O2 Dispensing units are energized?
O2 On Light on the PCU,Fasten Seat Belts and No Smoking signs will be illuminated.
When does the O2 Flow to the Pax Masks?
When the mask in the unit is pulled down.
How long will the O2 flow to the Pax Mask?
12 min
If the Pax Masks fail to fall, what can the flight attendant do?
Use the Oxygen Deploy Tool.
How many Continuous-flow Portable O2 cylinders are on board?
2FWD and AFT Cabin
Where are the PBE’s located?
Behind the Captain seat and FWD and AFT Cabin.Required to be w/in 3 Ft of a fire extinghuiser.
How many Masks are attached to each O2 cylinder?
2
How long will the PBE’s provide O2 once activated?
15 min
What is the minimum crew O2 for dispatch?
1100 psi 2 crew1500 psi 3 crew
When does the FDR start recording?
When the BCN is on or in flight.
How long does the CVR record before it starts to overwrite the data?
2 hours
What else is contained in the CVR?
The underwater locator beacon.
Can the CVR be erased?
Yes, if the plane is on the ground and the parking brake set, except for the last 30 min.
What are the differences between the AHRS and IRS units?
AHRS 800 has DG/SLVD switch panel and magnetic flux detectors.AHRS 900 has no control panel or flux detector.IRS has ALIGN/NAV/ATT switch panel.
Explain the MEL Deferral Catigories?
A - Time specificB - 3 CCDC - 10 CCDD - 120 CCD
What buses power the Fuel Pumps?
A - On-side EssentialB - Cross-side EssentialC - On-side DC
What powers the Thrust Mode Buttons?
PMA
What are the Ice Test EICAS messages?
Advisory:ICE CONDITIONCROSS BLD OPEN(Pre-Mod)Caution:ENG REF A/I DISAGREE(Parking Brake Not Set)E1(2) A/ICE FAILBLD 1(2) LOW TEMPCLR ICE 1-2 (XR on test 1)CLR/I 1-2 INOP (XR on test 1)
When is the Parking Brake On” light illuminated?”
At least 150 lbs of hydraulic pressure.
When would the Electric Hydraulic Pump turn On in Auto” mode?”
The associated Engine Driven Hydraulic Pump drops below 1600 psi or < 56.4% N2.
When does the cabin start to pressurize?
15 min or when the theoretical altitude becomes greater than the actual cabin altitude.
How many static wicks on the aircraft?
22 (26 XR)5 each wing (XR: 2 additional on winglet)4 each elevator2 rudder1 tail cone1 nose wheel (non-deferrable)
Explain the passenger oxygen system.
When cabin depressurization occurs above 14,000’ cabin altitude the oxygen mask drop. Enough oxygen for 12 min. The fasten seatbelt and no smoking signs illuminate.
How much useable fuel in the ventral tank?
1863 lbs21 lbs unusable.
How many fuel pumps in the ventral tank?
2
When will fuel enter the ventral tank?
For fuel loads above 10,471 lbs.
When will fuel be transferred from the ventral tank to the wings?
Automatically when both wing tank quantities drop below 4,630 lbs for 30 sec.
When will the ventral fuel pump shut off?
Once all the fuel is out of the ventral tank, the low level switch will shut off the fuel pump in auto mode.
What would the EICAS message FUEL XFER INOP” indicate?”
Ventral Tank Pump FailureVTRL TK Switch OFF with fuel in the ventral tank.
When are the Clear Ice Detectors active?
On the ground only. Located on top of the wings to detect clear ice, due to wing tank fuel being cold-soaked.
What does SPS/ICE SPEEDS” advisory EICAS message mean?”
SPS will activate at reduced angle of attack for flaps 9 & 22.
What does SPS ADVANCED” caution message mean?”
The stick shaker and pusher activation is set to higher speeds, due to a failure or disagreement with associated systems.
What does solid red mean on the EGPWS?
Warning TerrainApproximately 30 sec from impact.
What does solid yellow mean on the EGPWS?
Caution TerrainApproximately 60 sec from impact.
What are the different altitudes associated with the color on the EGPWS?
High Density Red - Terrain >2,000’ above the aircraft.High Density Yellow - Terrain 2,000’ - 1,000’ above the aircraft.Medium Density Yellow - Terrain 1,000’ - 500’ above the aircraft.Medium Density Green - Terrain 500’ - 1,000’ below the aircraft.Low Density Green - Terrain 1,000’ - 2,000’ below the aircraft.
What terrain is not shown on the EGPWS?
Terrain that is more than 2,000 ft below the airplane, terrain that has an elevation within 400 ft of the runway elevation of the nearest airport, & terrain not in EGPWS database is magenta
What does the essential power button do & what is its normal position?
Overrides the automatic transfer to the electrical emergency circuitry, connecting the batteries directly to the essential buses, regardless of any other command from the EDL. Normally out, dark and guarded.
What items are powered by the Hot Bus?
1ELTFuel SOV 1HYD SOV 1Squib 1/2ARefueling Panel#2Cabin Door HYD ValveCourtesy LightsFuel SOV 2HYD SOV 2Squib 1/2B
What items are powered by the Shed Bus?
Recirculation FansNose Landing LightTaxi Lights CD PlayerPre-recorded AnnouncementsWindshield Heat 2PSU’sGalleyFlashlight ChargersSELCAL
What temperature triggers the E1(2) FUEL LO TEMP” EICAS message?”
When fuel temp in the engine drops below 5° C.
How many landing gear UP/DN proximity switches are there?
12 total2 Up and 2 down for each gear.
Describe a normal landing gear extension.
Electrically commanded and Hydraulically actuated.Electrical command from the landing gear lever to the LGEU. The LGEU commands the elecrovalve’s, nose gear doors solenoid valve and the up locks. Using hydraulic system #1.
How does the electrical override extension work?
Bypasses the LGEU and directly actuates the electrovalve’s and Nose Gear doors solenoid valve.
How does the freefall extension lower the gear?
Mechanically releasing the uplocks.
When does the CPAM signal the aural warning CABIN”?”
9,900’ +/- 100’ cabin altitude.
What happens if a takeoff is performed with the packs OFF?
The outflow valves are closed. When the pack valves are opened, the cabin pressurizes to .2 psi below takeoff elevation.
When does the OXYGEN LO PRESS” EICAS trigger?”
< 400 psi in the oxygen cylinder. Only 12 min of oxygen for three in the cockpit.
What does the EMER button on the audio panel do?
Connects the CA directly to COM 1 & NAV 1 and the FO to COM 2 & NAV 2. The interphone is also lost. The observer loses all radio functions.
