TS4

Question 1

France

Answer 1

early period: 1898 fashoda crisis french expedition to fashoda to gain control of upper nile and to exclude britain from sudan almost caused war, resolved by france backing down in sudan in exchange for br recognition of french morroco

middle : 1907 triple entente: br relied on france for national security against germany

end: 1961 br joins eec, blocked twice by de gaulle, france directly impeding upon attempts at diplomacy

Question 2

Germany

Answer 2

early - no unification until 1871, berlin conference of 84-85 kept peace

middle: 1890 kaiser wilhelm ii power hungry new course programme to defeat br navy - flopped 1919 treat 6.6 billion reparations

end : germany’s partition into western europe block neutralised direct threat to empire

Question 3

Russia

Answer 3

early : great game 1885 panjdeh incident afghanistan central asia - tensions

middle : triple entente 1907 against germany

end: 1947 cold war soviet union support declination and natinilst movements to establish presence

Question 4

USA

Answer 4

early : monroe doctrine 1823 - us maintained controls in western hemisphere - slight conflict with british guayana

middle : atlantic charter 1941, special relationship, lend lease act 30.1 billion support

end: end of lend lease act in 45 as didn’t want to support revival of empire , keynes negotiated 900 mil loans for dmanages of war, 1947 cold war, us directly pressure to declisnonise