TS1 motivations

Question 1

Theme 1: economic motivations

Answer 1

early period : 1857-1900

China: Second opium war: 1856-60: to forced china to allow opium market

middle period: 1900-45

Middle East: discovery of oil essential for navy, BP created to harness iranian oil fields

End period: 1945-65
India 1948 only gave independence due to costs of administration > economic value

overall - main motivation throughout

Question 2

Imperial rivalry as a motivation

Answer 2

early period : 1857-1900

africa: scramble for africa - berlin conference 1885 - br took nigeria, kenya and uganda , 90% of africa rules by europe by 1900

middle period : 1900-45

1914-18 WW1 - Kaiser Wilhelm II wanted control over mass regions and world politics , treaty of versailles 1919 no more imperial rivalry as Germany defeated

end period: 1945-65

1948 malayan emergency br had to discreetly go against russia - shut down communist uprising to win rivalry

overall - declined in middle but fairly prevalent

Question 3

Ideological reasons

Answer 3

early period :
africa : livingstone fought off ant christian behaviour e.g arab slave trade

middle period:
burma - suppressing buddhist priests

end period: UN charter - self determination - decolonisation

overall - somewhat persisted forced ideology at the end

Question 4

strategic interests

Answer 4

early : egypt - disraeli bought suez canal and turned egypt into protectorate to keep suez safe - 1875

middle : palestine safeguarded against ottoman influence in middle east

end : escape due to nationalist movements and to prevent outrage