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Anatomy > Trunk POINA > Flashcards

Trunk POINA Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve innervates the trapezius?

A

Cranial Nerve XI - Spinal Accessory Nerve

Ventral Rami of C3, C4 - (Pain/proprioceptive fibers)

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2
Q

What nerve innervates the Levator Scapulae

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
Cervical C3 & C4

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3
Q

What nerve innervates the Rhomboid Major

A

Dorsal Scapular C4,C5

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4
Q

What nerve innervates the rhomboid minor

A

Dorsal scapular nerve C4,C5

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5
Q

What nerve innervates the latissimus Dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal C6-C8
(TD C6-C8)

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6
Q

Where does the rhomboid major and minor attach?

A

Medial border of the scapula

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7
Q

What action do the rhomboid major and minor create?

A

Adduction (Retraction) and downward rotation of scapula

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8
Q

Where do the rhomboid major and minor attach?
(PA)

A

Spinous process of T2-T5 (Major)
Ligamentum Nuchae; Spinous process C7-T1 (Minor)

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9
Q

What action does the latissimus dorsi create?

A

Extend Shoulder
Adduct Shoulder
Internally rotated the shoulder

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10
Q

Where does the latissimus dorsi attach?
(PA)

A

Inferior angle of scapula
Spinous process of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae (T7-T12)
Throacolumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Ribs 9-12 or 10-12

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11
Q

Where does the latissimus dorsi attach?
(DA)

A

Floor of Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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12
Q

What actions do the upper trapezius create?

A

Bilaterally:
- Head and neck extension
Unilaterally:
- Head/neck ipsilateral lateral flexion
- Head/neck contralateral rotation
- elevate scapulas
- upwardly rotates scapulas

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13
Q

What action does the middle trapezius create?

A

Adduct / Retract the scapula
Stabilize scapula

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14
Q

What action does the lower trapezius create?

A

Depress scapula
Upwardly rotate scapula

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15
Q

Where does the trapezius attach?
(PA)

A

External occipital protuberance
Superior nuchal line
Ligamentum nuchae
Spinous process C7-T12

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16
Q

Where does the trapezius attach?
(DA)

A

Lateral 1/3 of Clavical
Acromion
Spine of scapula

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17
Q

Where does the levator scapulae attach?
(PA)

A

Transverse process of C1-C4

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18
Q

Where does the levator scapulae attach?
(DA)

A

Medial border of scapula

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19
Q

What actions do the levator scapulae create?

A

Elevate the scapulae
Downwardly rotate the scapula

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20
Q

What muscle is the most superficial deep back muscle?

A

Splenius Capitis & Splenius Cervicis

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21
Q

What actions do the Splenius Capitis & Splenius cervicis create?

A

Unilaterally: Laterally flexes the neck and rotates the head ipsilaterally

Bilaterally : extend the head and neck

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22
Q

Where does the Splenius Capitis attach? (PA)

A

Nuchal ligament
Spinous Process C7-T6

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23
Q

Where does the Splenius Cervicis attach? (PA)

A

Nuchal ligament
Spinous Process C7-T6

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24
Q

Where does the splenius capitis attach (DA)

A

Mastoid Process
Superior nuchal line

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25
Q

Where does the splenius cervicis attatch?

A

Transverse process C1-C4

Bonus Q: what other muscle attaches here?

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26
Q

What nerve innervates all intrinsic back muscles?

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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27
Q

What actions do the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis create?

A

unilaterally: lateral neck flexion, ipsilateral head rotation
Bilaterally: Head/ neck extension

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28
Q

What muscles make up the Erector spinae muscle group?

A

Illiocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

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29
Q

Where do the erector spinae muscles attach? (PA)

A

thoracolumbar fascia
- posterior surface of sacrum
- iliac crest
- Spinous process T11-L5

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30
Q

Where does the illiocostalis attatch (DA)?

A

Lower rib angles
Cervical TP

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31
Q

Where does the longissimus attach (DA)

A

between rib tubercles and angles to thoracic TP

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32
Q

where does the spinalis attach? (DA)

A

upper thoracic SP
cranium

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33
Q

What actions do the erector spinae create?

A

Unilaterally:
- vertebral column ipsilateral lateral flexion
Bilaterally:
- Vertebral column extension

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34
Q

What muscles make up the transversospinalis group?

A

Rotatores
Multifidus
Semispinalis capitis

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35
Q

Where do the rotatores attach? (IA)

A

TP of vertebrae
* best developed in the thoracic region

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36
Q

Where does the semispinalis attach? (IA)
What are the different regions?

A

TP C4-T12

Semispinalis capitis
semispinalis cervicis
Semispinalis Thoracis

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37
Q

Where do the rotatores attach (SA)

A

SP of lumbar vertebrae - C2

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38
Q

What are the segments that rotatores can span?

A

brevis- 1 vertebrae
longus- 2 vertebrae

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39
Q

where do the multifindus attach (SA)?
What are the segments that multifindus can span?

A

Entire length of the spinous process
2-4 vertebrae

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40
Q

Where do the semispinalis attach?
What are the segments that semispinalis can span?

A

capitis: occipital bone
cervicis: SP cervical
thoracis: SP thoracic

4-6 vertebrae

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41
Q

What nerve innervates the semispinalis cervicis?

A

cervical posterior rami of spinal cervical nerves

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42
Q

What actions do the rotatores create?

A

Unilaterally:
contralateral rotation of vertebral column
Bilaterally:
vertebral column local extension

stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column

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43
Q

What actions do the multifidus create?

A

Unilaterally:
- contralateral rotation of vertebral column
Bilaterally:
- vertebral column local extension

stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column

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44
Q

What actions do the semispinalis create?

A

head/neck/thoracic spine extension
head/neck/thoracic spine contralateral rotation

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45
Q

What are the four suboccipital muscles

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Obliquus Capitis Superior

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46
Q

What is the proximal attachment of Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

A

Posterior tubercle of C1

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47
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

A

Spinous Process of C2

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48
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Obliquus Capitis Inferior?

A

Posterior tubercle of C2

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49
Q

What is the proximal attachment of Obliquus Capitis Superior?

A

Transverse Process of C1

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50
Q

What is the distal attachment of Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

A

Medial inferior nuchal line

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51
Q

What is distal attachment of the Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

A

Lateral inferior nuchal line

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52
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Obliquus capitis Inferior?

A

Transverse Process of C1

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53
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Obliquus capitis superior

A

Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal line

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54
Q

What nerve innervates the suboccipital muscles?

A

Suboccipital Nerve
(Dorsal Rami of C1)

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55
Q

Which suboccipital muscles Rock and tilt head back into extension?

A

Rectus capitis posterior Major
Rectus capitis posterior Minor
Obliquus Capitis Superior

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56
Q

Which suboccipital muscles rotate the head ipsilaterally?

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Obliquus Capitis Inferior

57
Q

What suboccipital muscle/muscles ipsilaterally lateral flexion head

A

Obliquus capitis superior

58
Q

What is the Proximal attachment of the Deltoid

A

Clavicle
Acromion
Spine of scapula

59
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Deltoid

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

60
Q

What nerve innervates the deltoid

A

Axillary nerve C5-C6

61
Q

What actions do the Anterior deltoid (clavicular part) do

A

Arm flexion
Arm IR - internal rotation

62
Q

What actions does the middle deltoid (Acromial part) do?

A

Arm ABduction

63
Q

What action does the posterior (spinal part) deltoid do?

A

Arm Extension
Arm ER- External rotation

64
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Pectoralis major?

A

Clavicular head (clavicle)
Sternocostal head ( sternum, costal cartilages 1-6, External oblique muscle)

65
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Pectoralis Major

A

Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

66
Q

What nerve innervates Pectoralis Major

A

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves:
Clavicular head C5,C6
Sternal Costal head C7,C8,T1

67
Q

What are the actions of the Pectoralis Major (lateral and medial nerves)

A

Humerus ADDuction
Humerus IR - internal rotation
Scapular Protraction
Arm Horizontal Adduction

68
Q

What are the actions of the Pectoralis Major ( sternocostal head)

A

Humerus extension from flexed position

69
Q

What are the actions of the Pectoralis Major? (clavicular head C5-C6)

A

Humerus flexion

70
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the pectoralis minor?

A

Ribs 3-5

71
Q

What is the distal attachment of the pectoralis minor?

A

Coracoid process

72
Q

What nerve innervates the pectoralis minor

A

medial pectoral nerve C8,T1
Lateral Pectoral nerve (variable)

73
Q

What are the actions of the Pectoralis minor

A

Scapular protraction
with the scapula fixed- assist to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation

74
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Teres Major?

A

Posterior scapula

75
Q

what is the distal attachment of the Teres Major

A

Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of humerus

76
Q

What nerve innervates the teres major

A

Lower scapular nerve C5,C6

77
Q

What actions does the teres major perform

A

Shoulder ADDuction
Shoulder IR- internal rotation

78
Q

What muscles make up the rotator cuff

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor

79
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the supraspinatus?

A

Supraspinous fossa

80
Q

What is the distal attachment of the supraspinatus?

A

greater tubercle of the humerus

81
Q

What nerve innervates the supraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve C4-C6

82
Q

What action does the supraspinatus perform?

A

stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity
initiates and assists deltoid in ABduction of arm

83
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the infraspinatus

A

infraspinous fossa

84
Q

What is the distal attachment of the infraspinatus

A

greater tubercle of the humerus

85
Q

What nerve innervates the infraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve C5-C6

86
Q

What action does the infraspinatus perform?

A

stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Shoulder ER- external rotation

87
Q

What is the Proximal attachment of the Teres Minor

A

Lateral border of the scapula

88
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Teres Minor

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

89
Q

What nerve innervates Teres Minor

A

Axillary nerve C5,C6

90
Q

What action does the teres minor perform

A

Shoulder ER- external rotation

91
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the subscapularis

A

Subscapular fossa

92
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Subscapularis

A

lesser tubercule of humerus

93
Q

What nerves innervate the subscapularis

A

Upper and Lower subscapular nerves C5-C7

94
Q

What action does the subscapularis perform?

A

Shoulder IR- internal rotation

95
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the serratus Anterior

A

Lateral ribs 1-9

96
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Serratus Anterior

A

Medical border of the scapula

97
Q

What nerve innervate the serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve C5-C7

98
Q

What actions does the serratus anterior perform?

A

Scapular protraction
Scapular upward rotation
Holds scapula to thoracic wall

99
Q

What is the superior/medial attachment of the Sternocleirdomastoid

A

Mastoid process
Superior nuchal line

100
Q

What is the inferior/lateral attachment of the sternocleidomastoid

A

Sternal head- Manubrium
Clavicular head- medial 1/3 of clavicle

101
Q

What nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)
Ventral Rami C3,C4 (pain/proprioceptive fibers)

102
Q

What muscle actions does the sternocleidomastoid perform?

A

Unilaterally: sternal head
- Neck ipsilateral lateral flexion
- Neck contralateral rotation
Bilaterally:
- Neck extension @OA joints
- Cervical vertebrae flexion
- Superior cervical vertebrae extension
- inferior cervical vertebrae flexion
With cervical vertebrae fixed:
- manubrium & medial clavicle elevation
(deep respiration)

103
Q
A
104
Q

What is the origin of the Intercostals

A

Inferior border of the rib above

105
Q

What is the insertion of the intercostals

A

Superior border of the rib below

106
Q

What nerve innervates the intercostals

A

Thoracic intercostals nerves T1-T11

107
Q

What are the actions of the external intercostals

A

Draws the ribs superiorly to assist inhalation
Increases thoracic space

108
Q

What is the muscle action of the internal intercostals

A

Draw the ribs inferiorly to assist with exhalation
Decreases thoracic space

109
Q

What is the origin of the diaphragm

A

Costal attachment: inner surface of lower 6 ribs
Lumbar attachment: Upper 2 or 3 lumbar vertebrae
Sternal attachment: Inner part of the xiphoid process

110
Q

What is the insertion of the diaphragm

A

Central tendon

111
Q

What is the action of the diaphragm

A

Draw down the central tendon of the diaphragm

112
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm

A

Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5)

113
Q

What is the superior attachment of the Quadratus Lumborum

A

12 rib
Tips of lumbar transverse processes

114
Q

What is the inferior attachment of the quadratus lumborum

A

Iliolumbar ligament and iliac crest

115
Q

What nerve innervates the quadratus lumborum

A

Ventral Branches of T12, L1-L4

116
Q

What is the superior attachment of the psoas major

A

TP of T 12- L5 vertebrae, sides of L bodies, discs between them

117
Q

What is the inferior attachment of the psoas major

A

Lesser trochanter

118
Q

What nerve innervates the psoas major

A

Ventral rami L1-L3

119
Q

What is the action of the quadratus lumborum

A

Unilaterally:
- laterally tilt/hike/elevate the pelvis
- laterally flex the vertebral column (ipsi)
- Extend vertebral column

Bilaterally:
Fix the last rib during forced inspiration

120
Q

What is the action of the psoas major

A

Flexes the hip (acting inferiorly with iliacus)
Flexes the vertebral column laterally ( acting superiorly with illiacus)
Balances trunk
When sitting- acts inferiorly with iliacus to flex trunk

121
Q

What is the superior attachment of the iliacus

A

Iliac fossa, sacrum, anterior sacroiliac ligament

122
Q

What is the inferior attachment of the iliacus

A

Lesser trochanter & psoas tendon

123
Q

What nerve innervates the iliacus

A

Femoral L2-L4

124
Q

What is the action of the iliacus

A

Flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint; acts with psoas major

125
Q

What is the origin of the rectus abdominis

A

Pubic crest & pubic symphysis

126
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis

A

Cartilage of 5-7 ribs & xiphoid process

127
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the rectus abdominis

A

Thoraco-abdominal nerves ( anterior rami T6-T12)

128
Q

What is the action of the rectus abdominis

A

Flex the vertebral column
Compress abdominal viscera
Posterior pelvic tilt

129
Q

What is the origin of the external obliques

A

External surfaces of 5-12 ribs

130
Q

What is the insertion of the external obliques

A

Linea alba
Pubic tubercle
Anterior half of iliac crest

131
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the external oblique

A

Thoracoabdominal nerve T7-T11
Subcostal N

132
Q

What is the action of the external obliques

A

Unilaterally:
Laterally flex vertebral column (ipsi)
Rotate vertebral column (contra)

Bilaterally:
Flex the vertebral column
Compress abdominal contents

133
Q

What is the origin of the internal obliques

A

Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Inguinal ligament

134
Q

What is the insertion of the internal obliques

A

Inferior border ribs 10-12, linea alba, patten pubis via conjoint tendon

135
Q

What is the Nerve innervation of the internal oblique

A

THoraco- abdominal nerves T6-T12
First lumbar nerve

136
Q

What is the action of the internal obliques

A

Unilaterally:
Laterally flex vertebral column (ipsi)
Rotate vertebral column (ipsi)

Bilaterally:
Flex the vertebral column
Compress abdominal contents

137
Q

What is the origin of the transverse abdominis

A

Internal surfaces of 7th-12th costal cartilages
Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest

138
Q

What is the insertion of the transversus abdominis

A

Linea alba with apopneurosis of internal oblique
Pubic crest
Pecten pubis via conjoint tendon

Anatomy (4 decks)

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