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LE POINAS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the muscle action of the Pectineus?

A

Adducts hip joint
slightly flexes hip joint
assists with external rotation

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2
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Pectineus

A

Superior ramis of pubis

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3
Q

What is the distal attachment of the pectineus

A

Pectineal line of femur

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4
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the pectineus

A

Femoral Nerve L2* L3
*may receive branch from obturator

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5
Q

What is the muscle action of the sartorius

A

At hip
- flexion
- Abduction
- ER
At knee
- Flexion
- IR (when knee is flexed)

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6
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Sartorius

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

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7
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Sartorius

A

Pes Anserine of Tibia

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8
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the Sartorius

A

Femoral Nerve L2, L3

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9
Q

What is the muscle action of the Gluteus Maximus

A

Extends hip joint (especially in flexed position)

assits with hip ER

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10
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Gluteus Maximus

A

Posterior gluteal line of ilium
Dorsal sacrum and coccyx;
Sacrotuberous ligament

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11
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Gluteus Maximus

A

Iliotibial tract which inserts into Gerdy’s tubercle of tibia “IT band”

Gluteal tuberosity

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12
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the Gluteus Maximus

A

Inferior gluteal nerve L5,S1,S2

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13
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Gluteus Medius

A

ilium, between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

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14
Q

What is the distal attachment of the gluteus medius

A

Greater trochanter

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15
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the Gluteus medius

A

Superior Gluteal nerveL4, L5*, S1

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16
Q

What are the muscle actions of the Gluteus medius

A

Hip Abduction
Hip Internal rotation (TFL and anterior glut med)
Hip external rotation (Posterior glut med fibers)
Keeps contralateral pelvis level during SL stance.

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17
Q

What’s the proximal attachment of Gluteus minimus

A

Ilium, between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

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18
Q

What’s the distal attachment of the Gluteus Minimis

A

Greater trochanter

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19
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the gluteus minimus

A

Superior gluteal nerve L4 ,L5*, S1

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20
Q

What are the muscle actions of the gluteus minimus

A

Hip Abduction
Hip IR
keeps contralateral pelvis level during single limb stance

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21
Q

What’s the proximal attachment of the tensor fascia latae

A

Anterior superior iliac spine
Anterior iliac crest

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22
Q

What’s the distal attachment of the Tensor fascia latae

A

Iliotibial tract, which attached to gerdy’s tubercle of tibia

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23
Q

What’s the nerve innervation of the tensor fascia latae

A

Superior gluteal nerve L4, L5*, S1

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24
Q

What are the muscle actions of tensor fascia latae

A

Hip abduction
Hip IR

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25
Q

What’s the proximal attachment of the Piriformis

A

Anterior Sacrum
Sactrotuberous ligament

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26
Q

What is the distal attachment of the piriformis

A

Greater trochanter

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27
Q

Whats the nerve innervation of the piriformis

A

Anterior rami of S1, S2

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28
Q

What’s the muscle action of the piriformis

A

ER of hip when extended
Abduct flexed hip
Stabilize hip joint

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29
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the obturator internus

A

pelvis surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones

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30
Q

Whats the distal attachment of the obturator internus

A

greater trochanter

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31
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the obturator internus

A

Nerve to obturator internus L5,S1*

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32
Q

What are the muscle actions of the obturator internus?

A

ER of hip when extended
Abduct flexed hip
Stabilize hip joint

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33
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the superior gemellus

A

Ischial spine

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34
Q

What is the distal attachment of the superior gemellus

A

Greater trochanter

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35
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the superior gemellus

A

Nerve to obturator internus L5, S1*

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36
Q

What are the muscle actions of the superior gemellus

A

ER of hip when extended
Abduct flexed hip
Stabilize hip joint

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37
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the inferior gemellus

A

Ischial tuberosity

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38
Q

What is the distal attachment of the inferior gemellus

A

Greater trochanter

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39
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the inferior gemellus

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris L5, S1

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40
Q

What are the muscle actions of the inferior gemellus

A

ER of hip when extended
Abduct flexed hip
Stabilize hip joint

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41
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the quadratus femoris

A

Ischial tuberosity

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42
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Quadratus femoris

A

Area distal to Greater trochanter - quadrate tubercle

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43
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the quadratus femoris

A

Nerve to Quadratus femoris L5, S1

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44
Q

What are the muscle actions of the quadratus femoris

A

Hip ER
Hip stabilization

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45
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Psoas Major

A

Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them
TP L1-L5

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46
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Psoas Major

A

Lesser trochanter

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47
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the psoas major

A

Anterior rami of L1, L2, L3

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48
Q

What are the muscle actions of the psoas major

A

With Orgin fixed
- Hip Flexion
- Hip ER
With insertion fixed
- Trunk flexion
-Pelvis anterior tilt

Stabilize hip joint when standing

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49
Q

What’s the proximal attachment of the Iliacus

A

Iliac fossa
sacrum
anterior sacroiliac ligament

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50
Q

What’s the distal attachment of the iliacus

A

Lesser trochanter
Psoas tendon

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51
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the Iliacus

A

Femoral Nerve L2-L4

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52
Q

What are the muscle actions of the iliacus

A

With Orgin fixed
- Hip Flexion
- Hip ER
With insertion fixed
- Trunk flexion
-Pelvis anterior tilt

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53
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Rectus Femoris

A

Anterior Inferior Iliac spine
Illium

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54
Q

What is the distal attachment of the rectus femoris

A

Quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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55
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the rectus femoris

A

Femoral Nerve L2, L3, L4

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56
Q

What is the muscle action of the rectus femoris

A

Knee extension
Steadies hip joint
helps iliopsoas flex hip joint

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57
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the vastus lateralis

A

Greater trochanter
lateral lip of linea aspera

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58
Q

What is the distal attachment of the vastus lateralis

A

Quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Attach to tibia and patella vis apopneurosis

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59
Q

What is the nerve innervation of vastus lateralis

A

Femoral Nerve L2, L3, L4

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60
Q

What is the muscle action of the vastus lateralis

A

Knee extension

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61
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the vastus medialis

A

Intertrochanteric line
Medial lip of linea aspera

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62
Q

What is the distal attachment of the vastus medialis

A

Quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Attach to tibia and patella vis apopneurosis

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63
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the vastus medialis

A

Femoral nerve L2, L3, L4

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64
Q

What is the muscle action of the vastus medialis

A

Knee extension

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65
Q

What is the Proximal attachment of the vastus intermedius

A

Anterior and lateral femoral shaft

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66
Q

What is the distal attachment of the vastus intermedius

A

Quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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67
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the vastus intermedius

A

Femoral Nerve L2, L3, L4

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68
Q

What is the muscle action of the vastus intermedius

A

Knee extension

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69
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the adductor longus

A

Body of pubis

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70
Q

What is the distal attachment of the adductor longus

A

Linea aspera of femur

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71
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the adductor longus

A

Obturator nerve L2,L3*, L4

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72
Q

What is the muscle action of the adductor longus

A

Hip adduction

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73
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the adductor brevis

A

Body and inferior ramus of pubis

74
Q

What is the distal attachment of the adductor brevis

A

Pectineal line
linea aspera of femur

75
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the adductor brevis

A

Obturator nerve L2,L3*,L4

76
Q

What is the muscle action of the adductor Brevis

A

Hip Adduction
Hip Flexion

77
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the adductor magnus

A

Adductor part: inferior pubic ramis; Ramus of ischium

Hamstring part: Ischial tuberosity

78
Q

What is the distal attachment of the adductor magnus

A

Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity; linea aspera; medial supracondylar line

Hamstring part: Adductor tubercle of femus

79
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the adductor magnus

A

Adductor part: Obturator nerve L2,L3,L4

Hamstring part: Tibial part of sciatic nerve L4

80
Q

What are the muscle actions of the adductor magnus

A

Hip adduction
Adductor part: Hip Flexion
Hamstring part: Hip Extension

81
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the gracilis

A

Body and inferior ramus of pubis

82
Q

What is the distal attachment of the gracilis

A

Pes anserine of tibia

83
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the gracilis

A

Obturator nerve L2*, L3

84
Q

What is the muscle action of the gracilis

A

Hip adduction
Knee flexion
Knee IR (when flexed)

85
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Obturator externus

A

Margins of obturator foramen
obturator membrane

86
Q

What is the distal attachment of the obturator externus

A

Greater trochanter of femur

87
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the obturator externus

A

Obturator nerve L3,L4*

88
Q

What are the muscle actions of the obturator externus

A

Hip ER
Hip stabilization

89
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the semitendinosus

A

Ischial tuberosity

90
Q

What is the distal attachment of the semitendinosus

A

Pes anserine of tibia

91
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the semitendinosus

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2

92
Q

What are the muscle actions of the semitendinosus

A

Hip extension
Knee flexion
Knee IR (when flexed)

Can Extend trunk at hips (when hip and knees are flexed)

93
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the semimembranosus

A

Ischial tuberosity

94
Q

What is the distal attachment of the semimembranosus

A

Posterior medial tibial condyle

Reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament
(to lateral femoral condyle)

95
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the semimembranosus

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve L5,S1, S2

96
Q

What are the muscle actions of the semimembranosus

A

Hip EXTENSION

Knee FLEXION
Knee MEDIAL ROTATION when flexed

When hip and knee are flexed (as when sitting), can EXTEND trunk at hip (to rise)

97
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Biceps femoris

A

Long head: ischial tuberosity

Short head: Linea aspera; lateral supracondylar line

98
Q

What is the distal attachment of the biceps femoris

A

Lateral side of fibular head

(Tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament (LCL) of knee)

99
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the Biceps Femoris

A

Long head:
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
L5, S1*, S2

Short head:
Common fib. division of sciatic nerve
L5, S1*, S2

100
Q

What is the muscle action of the bicep femoris

A

Knee FLEXION
Knee LATERAL ROTATION when flexed

Long head only:
Hip EXTENSION

101
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Fibularis Brevis

A

Inferior lateral fibula

102
Q

What is the distal attachment of the fibularis brevis

A

Lateral side of 5th metatarsal

103
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the fibularis brevis

A

Superficial fibular nerve
L5, S1, S2

104
Q

What is the muscle action of the fibularis brevis

A

Subtalar joint EVERSION

Weak ankle PLANTAR FLEXION

105
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the fibularis longus

A

Head of fibula
Superior lateral fibula

106
Q

What is the distal attachment of the fibularis longus

A

Medial cuneiform
Base of 1st Metatarsal

107
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the fibularis longus

A

Superficial fibular nerve
L5, S1, S2

108
Q

What are the muscle actions of the fibularis longus

A

Subtalar joint EVERSION

Weak ankle PLANTAR FLEXION

109
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the TIbialis Anterior

A

Lateral condyle of tibia

Superior 1/2 of tibia

Interosseous membrane

110
Q

What is the distal attachment of the tibialis anterior

A

Medial cuneiform

Base of 1st metatarsal

111
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the tibialis anterior

A

Deep fibular nerve L4*, L5

112
Q

What are the muscle actions of the tibialis anterior

A

Ankle DORSIFLEXION

Subtalar joint INVERSION

113
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Middle anterior fibula

Interosseous membrane

114
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Extensor hallucis longus

A

Base of distal phalanx of
great toe

115
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the Extensor Hallucis longus

A

Deep fibular nerve L5, S1

116
Q

What is the muscle actions of the Extensor hallucis longus

A

Great toe extension
Ankle dorsiflexion

117
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Extensor digitorum longus

A

Lateral condyle of tibia

Superior surface of fibula

Interosseous membrane

(Note: attaches to ALL 3 structures of the lower leg!)

118
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Extensor digitorum longus

A

Middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5

119
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the extensor digitorum longus

A

Deep fibular nerve L5, S1

120
Q

What are the muscle actions of extensor digitorum longus

A

Digits 2-5 EXTENSION

Ankle DORSIFLEXION

121
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Fibularis Tertius

A

Inferior anterior surface of fibula

Interosseous membrane

122
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Fibularis tertius

A

Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

123
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the fibularis tertius

A

Deep fibular Nerve L5, S1

124
Q

What are the muscle actions of the fibularis Tertius

A

Ankle dorsiflexion
Aids in subtalar joint eversion

125
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Gastrocnemius

A

Medial head:
Popliteal surface of femur

Lateral head:
Lateral femoral condyle

126
Q

What is the distal attachment of the gastrocnemius

A

Calcaneus
via calcaneal / achilles tendon

127
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the gastrocnemius

A

Tibial Nerve S1, S2

128
Q

What are the muscle actions of the gastrocnemius

A

Ankle PLANTAR FLEXION
when knee is extended

RAISES heel during walking

Knee FLEXION

129
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the Soleus

A

Posterior fibula

Soleal line and medial tibia

Tendinous arch between the bony attachments

130
Q

What is the distal attachment of the soleus

A

Calcaneus
via calcaneal / achilles tendon

131
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the Soleus

A

Tibial Nerve S1, S2

132
Q

What are the muscle actions of the soleus

A

Ankle PLANTAR FLEXION independent of knee position

Ankle STABILIZATION

133
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Plantaris

A

Lateral supracondylar line of femur

Oblique popliteal ligament

134
Q

What is the distal attachment of the plantaris

A

Calcaneus
via calcaneal / achilles tendon

135
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the plantaris

A

Tibial Nerve S1,S2

136
Q

What is the muscle action of the plantaris

A

Weakly assists gastrocnemius
with ankle PLANTAR FLEXION

137
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the popliteus

A

Lateral condyle of femur

Lateral meniscus

138
Q

What is the distal attachment of the popliteus

A

Posterior tibia, above soleal line

139
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the popliteus

A

Tibial nerve
L4, L5, S1

140
Q

What are the muscle actions of the popliteus

A

Unlocks knee by rotating femur
5° on fixed tibia

Medially rotates tibia of
unplanted limb

141
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the flexor hallucis longus

A

Lower posterior surface of fibula

Interosseous membrane

142
Q

What is the distal attachment of the flexor hallucis longus

A

Base of distal phalanx of great toe

143
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the Flexor hallucis longus

A

Tibial Nerve S2, S3

144
Q

What is the muscle action of the flexor hallucis longus

A

Great toe FLEXION
@ ALL joints

Weak ankle PLANTAR FLEXION

Supports medial longitudinal arch

145
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Flexor digitorum longus

A

Posterior tibia, inferior to soleal line

By a broad tendon to fibula

146
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Flexor digitorum longus

A

Bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5

147
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the Flexor digitorum longus

A

Tibial nerve S2, S3

148
Q

What is the muscle action of the flexor digitorum Longus

A

Digits 2-5 FLEXION

Ankle PLANTAR FLEXION

Supports longitudinal arches

149
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Tibialis posterior

A

Interosseous membrane

Posterior tibia, inferior to soleal line

Posterior surface of fibula

(Note: attaches to ALL 3 structures of the lower leg!)

150
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Tibialis posterior

A

Tuberosity of navicular
Cuneiforms
Cuboid
Sustentaculum tali of calcaneus
Bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals

151
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the tibialis posterior

A

Tibial Nerve L4,L5

152
Q

What is the muscle action of the tibialis posterior

A

Ankle PLANTAR FLEXION

Foot INVERSION

Maintains medial longitudinal arch

153
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Flexor digitorum Brevis

A

Medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity

Plantar aponeurosis

Intermuscular septa

154
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Flexor digitorum Brevis

A

Both sides of middle phalanges of digit 2-5

155
Q

What is the nerve innervation of flexor digitorum brevis

A

Medial plantar nerve L5, S1

156
Q

What is the muscle action of the flexor digitorum brevis

A

Digits 2-5 flexion @ MTP & PIP joints

157
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Quadratus Plantae

A

Medial calcaneus

158
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Quadratus Plantae

A

Flexor digitorum longus tendon

159
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the Quadratus Plantae

A

Lateral plantar nerve S1,S2,S3

160
Q

What is the muscle actions of the Quadratus Plantae

A

Assists flexor digitorum longus with digits 2-5 flexion @ MTP and IP joints

161
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the lumbricals 1-4?

A

Flexor digitorum longus tendons

162
Q

What is the distal attachment of the lumbricals 1-4?

A

Medial aspect of extensor hood over digits 2-5

163
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the lumbricals 1-4

A

Medial (1) : Medial plantar nerve L5,S1
Lateral (2-4): Lateral plantar nerve S1,S2,S3

164
Q

What is the muscle action the lumbricals 1-4

A

MTP flexion of digits 2-5
PIP & DIP joint extension of digits 2-5

165
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Adductor Hallucis

A

Oblique head: Bases of metatarsals 2-4
Transverse head: Plantar ligaments of MTP joints

166
Q

What is the muscle action of the Adductor Hallucis

A

Adduction of first digit

assists in maintaining transverse arch by pulling metatarsals medially

166
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Adductor Hallucis

A

lateral side of bases of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

166
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the Adductor Hallucis

A

lateral plantar nerve S1- S3

167
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

Plantar cuboid and lateral cuneiforms

168
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

Both sides of proximal phalanx of 1st digits

2 sesamoid bones of great toe are contained in this tendon

169
Q

What is the nerve innervation for flexor hallucis brevis

A

Medial plantar nerve L5,S1

170
Q

What is the muscle action of the flexor hallucis brevis

A

1st MTP joint flexion

171
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the plantar interossei

A

Plantar medial shafts of metatarsals 3-5

172
Q

What is the distal attachment of the plantar interossei

A

Medial (side of) phalanges of digits 3-5

173
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the plantar interossei

A

Lateral plantar nerve S1-S3

174
Q

What is the muscle action of the plantar interossei

A

Adduction @MTP joints of digits 3-5

175
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the Dorsal interossei

A

Adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsals

176
Q

What is the distal attachment of the Dorsal interossei

A

1st: Medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit

2nd-4th: Lateral sides of digits 2-4

177
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the Dorsal interossei

A

Lateral plantar nerve S1-S3

178
Q

What is the muscle action of the dorsal interossei

A

Abduction @MTP joint of digits 2-4

Anatomy (4 decks)

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