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DPT Anatomy Test 1 > Trunk- Osteology, anthrology and musculature of vertebral column and pelvic girdle > Flashcards

Trunk- Osteology, anthrology and musculature of vertebral column and pelvic girdle Flashcards

1
Q

what two curvatures are present embryologically and are carried through during birth, thus PRIMARY

A

Thoracic and Sacral - both are convex posteriorly yielding the curvature of the fetal position

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2
Q

what in the spine develops postnatally as a result of head support and locomotion

A

secondary curvatures - lumbar and cervical - both convex anteriorly

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3
Q

exaggerated posterior curvature

A

kyphosis

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4
Q

The loss of turgidity of the nucleus pulposus contributes to

A

kyphosis

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5
Q

Pathologically, kyphosis is a response to muscular changes following the recovery from _________ infection

A

Poliomyelitis

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6
Q

exaggerated anterior curvature of the spine

A

lordosis

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7
Q

abnormal lateral curvature

A

scoliosis

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8
Q

Large cylindrical mass that increases in size inferiorly through the lumbar region and then decreases in size through the coccygeal region

A

body of vertebra

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9
Q

Why are the superior and inferior surfaces of bodies of vertebrae marked by a roughened circumference and a smooth center?

A

the attachement of the annulus fibrosus fibrocartilage of the intervertebral disc and a smooth center of hyaline cartilage corresponding to the position of the nucleus pulposus

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10
Q

what encloses the vertebral foramen

A

vertebral arch

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11
Q

what is the term for the canal formed by all the vertebral foraminae collectively?

A

vertebral canal

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12
Q

paired structures that span the distance between the body and the transverse processes

A

pedicles

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13
Q

what passes through the intervertebral foramen?

A

spinal nerve

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14
Q

paired structures that span the distance between the transverse process and the spinous process

A

lamina

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15
Q

Which process of the vertebrae act as leverage by the attachment of the deep back muscles

A

TP

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16
Q

another word for articular processes

A

zygapophysis

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17
Q

what type of joints are the facet joints?

A

synovial planar

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18
Q

why is extension compromised in the cervical region

A

overlapping spinous processes

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19
Q

why is flexion limited in the lumbar region

A

massive size of the bodies

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20
Q

pubic symphysis is a __________ joint

A

fibrocartilaginous

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21
Q

sacroiliac joints are __________ joints

A

synovial planar

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22
Q

Erector spinae group

A

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, spinalis

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23
Q

number of cervical thoracic and lumbar vertebrae respectively

A

7,12,5

also 5 fused sacral and 4 fused as coccyx

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24
Q

Which two muscles in the back do not have the common innervation of the dorsal rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves?

A

Splenius cervicis - Dorsal rami of spinal nerves C4-8

Splenius capitis - C3-C5

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25
Q

Generally, which group of muscles originate on the TP and insert on the SP

A

Deep (transversospinalis group)

Semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

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26
Q

Origin of iliocostalis muscles

A

common broad tendon from post iliac crest
sacrum
sacroiliac ligaments
spinous processes of sacral and inferior lumbar vertebrae

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27
Q

Insertion of iliocostalis muscles

A

lumborum - inferior border of angle of ribs 12-6
thoracis - all of the ribs
cervicis - ribs 1-6 and posterior tubercles of C4-C6

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28
Q

Longissimus muscles have a common origin where

A

transverse processes at lower levels

29
Q

Longissimus muscles insertions

A

thoracis - TP of thoracic vertebrae & tubercles of inf. border of ribs 9,10
L. cervicis - sup thoracic TP to cervical TP
L. capitis - arises with cervicis and attaches to mastoid process

30
Q

Longissimus capitis rotates the head to the ____ side unilaterally

A

same ( attaches to the mastoid process)

31
Q

Which erector spinae muscle originates and inserts on the spinous processes

A

Spinalis

32
Q

Spinalis cervicis and captits blend to inert on what

A

ligamentum nuchae to axis

33
Q

Starting with the insertion inferior to the sup nuchal line, the semispinalis muscles insert on the spinous processes of all vert from C2 to T4. What is the break up?

A

S. capitis - inferior to sup nuchal line
S. cervisis - SP of C2-C5
S. thoracis - SP of C6-T4

34
Q

The semispinalis muscles originate on the TP of vertebrae T1-T10. Cervicis and capitis have the same origin. what is the breakup

A

S. thoracis - T10-T6

S. cervisis & capitis - T6-T1

35
Q

Semispinalis capitis and cervicis both originate on the TP of _____. The difference is their insertion. What are they?

A

T1-T6
insertions:
cervicis - C2-C5
capitis - inf. to sup. nuchal line

36
Q

Typically, the multifidus muscles insert on the SP _____ vertebrae superomedially from their origin on the inferior lamina.

A

2-4

37
Q

Rotatores originate on the ____ of the entire vert. column

A

TP

38
Q

Rotatores brevis insert superomedially to the SP of the ____ vertebra and longus on the ____ vertebra

A

next, 2nd

39
Q

Which superficial intrinsic back muscle has shares its origin with Spinalis cervicis and capitis’s insertion?

A

Splenius capitis (ligamentum nuchae) it also originates on the SP of C7-T4

40
Q

How to tell the difference between Semispinalis capitis and Splenius capitis.

A
  1. Splenius is more superficial
  2. Direction of fibers Semispinalis (superomedially), Splenius (superolaterally)
  3. insertion Semispinalis (inf to sup nuchal line), Splenius (lat part of superior nuchal line and mastoid process)
41
Q

Origins of Splenius muscles

A

S. Cervicis - SP of T3-T6

S. Capitis - SP of C7-T4

42
Q

where do the splenius muscles insert

A

cervicis - TP of C2-C5

capitis - lateral part of sup nuchal line and mastoid process

43
Q

What muscle is listed as the intertransversarii of the thoracic region on our sheet?

A

Levator costarum

44
Q

What is the levator costarum innervated by

A

Dorsal rami of thoracic spinal nerves

45
Q

Where does levator costarum originate

A

Tip of thoracic TP

46
Q

Where does levator costarum insert

A

inferolaterally to angle of inferior adjacent rib

47
Q

action of levator costarum

A

elevate ribs during inspiration

48
Q

Where does the Quadratus Lumborum originate

A

iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest

49
Q

Where does the QL insert

A

tips of lumbar TP and inferior border of rib 12

50
Q

Which two abdominal muscles originate on the inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia

A

Internal ab. obl. and transverse abdominis
Internal obl is the lateral 2/3 of the ing. lig.
transverse also originates on the lower 6 ribs

51
Q

All ab muscles are innervated by the ventral rami of spinal nerves, but slightly different branches. what are they?

A

Rectus and External - T5-T12

Internal and Transvers - T7-T12 iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal n.

52
Q

both transverse and internal insert into the pubic crest and the linea alba. what else does the internal obl. insert into?

A

pectineal line

53
Q

origin and insertion of rectus abdominis

A

o-pubic crest and symphysis

i- costal cartilage 5-7 and xyphoid process

54
Q

The anterior and lateral fibers of the ex obl originate on the external surfaces of ribs 5-12. what’s the breakup?

A

anterior - 5-8

lateral - 9-12

55
Q

the two insertions for ex obl

A

outer lip of iliac crest, and linea alba via aponeurosis

56
Q

Which three suboccipital muscles insert into the occipital bone?

A

obliquus capitis superior, rectus capitis posterior major, minor

57
Q

Since, C1does not have a SP, what does Rectus capitis posterior minor attach to proximally?

A

posterior tubercle of C1

58
Q

Generally, superficial and intermediate muscle groups act to _____ and rotate the trunk to the ____ side

A

laterally flex, same

59
Q

Generally, deep muscles of the back rotate the column to the _____ side

A

opposite

60
Q

orientation of the superior articular facet in cervical vertebrae

A

posterosuperior

61
Q

orientation of the superior articular facet in thoracic vertebrae

A

posterior

62
Q

orientation of the superior articular facet in lumbar vertebrae

A

medial

63
Q

The spinous processes in cervical vert are unique. what are they like?

A

bifid

64
Q

why does L5 have a heavily elongated transverse process

A

attachment of the Iliolumbar lig

65
Q

Spina bifida occulta is seen when….

A

there is a failure of closure of the posterior neuropore at L4

66
Q

What is the inferior opening of spinal canal

A

sacral hiatus

67
Q

What becomes ossified after menopause in females

A

the articular surface of sacroiliac joint

68
Q

Why is the dermatome innervation on the posterior part of the head by the dorsal rami of C2

A

the dorsal ramus of C1 has no cutaneous sensory component, it only goes to the suboccipital muscles

69
Q

The greater occiptial nerve is a combination of

A

the ventral rami of C2-3

DPT Anatomy Test 1 (3 decks)

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