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DPT Anatomy Test 1 > Gluteal region, thigh, and popliteal fossa > Flashcards

Gluteal region, thigh, and popliteal fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What ligament is known as the “Y” ligament

A

iliofemoral

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2
Q

deterioration of the head of the femur following a compromise in the blood supply

A

avascular necrosis

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3
Q

How does the leg “unlock” during standing?

A

the popliteus muscle laterally rotates the femur (tibia is fixed due to standing)

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4
Q

Which three muscles are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve (dorsal divisions of L4,L5,S1)?

A

TFL, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus

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5
Q

Which glut muscle originates on the ext surface of the ilium between ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR gluteal lines?

A

Gluteus medius

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6
Q

One of the glut muscles inserts into the lateral surface of the greater trochanter, the other inserts into the anterior surface. Which one is which?

A

Glut medius - lateral surface

Glut minimus - ant. surface

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7
Q

the muscle that inserts between ANTERIOR and INFERIOR gluteal lines on the external surface of the ilium is

A

Glut minimus

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8
Q

the anterior fibers of glut medius and the glut minimus have the same actions. what are they?

A

abduction of thigh, medial rotation of thigh, steadies pelvis to same side during locomotion allowing opposite side foot to clear the ground

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9
Q

The post fibers of the glut medius have an opposite action of the anterior fibers. what is the action

A

lateral rotation

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10
Q

The TFL, glut med, and min all are innervated by superior gluteal nerve L4-S1, what is glut max innervated by?

A

inferior gluteal nerve L5-S2

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11
Q

Who’s origin is this? ant. part of iliac crest, iliac tubercle, ASIS, deep surface of fascia lata

A

TFL

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12
Q

both these muscles insert on the iliotibial tract

A

TFL, glut max

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13
Q

Glut max has a huge origin with 6 sites what are they?

A

ala of ilium, post. to post. gluteal line, iliac crest, dorsal surface of sacrum, coccyx, and sacrotuberous lig

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14
Q

Which muscle flexes and medially rotates the thigh?

A

Tensor Fasciae Latae

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15
Q

the post fibers of glut med share this action with glut max.

A

lateral rotation

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16
Q

how does glut max help during sitting?

A

steadies thigh flexion

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17
Q

when the thigh is fixed, what action does glut max have on the pelvis?

A

extension

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18
Q

What does the PGOGOQ group do?

A

laterally rotates thigh

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19
Q

name the muscles in descending order of the lateral rotator group.

A

Piriformis, gemellus sup, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, obturator externus, Quadratus Femoris

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20
Q

The nerve to obt internus not only innervates that muscle, but which other one?

A

gemellus superior

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21
Q

from top to down, list the insertions of the lateral rotators on the femur

A

piriformis - superior border g. trochanter

g. sup, inf, and o. internus - medial surface g. trochanter
o. externus - trochanteric fossa of femur
q. femoris - quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest

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22
Q

The apex of the patella is pointing ____, and the base ____

A

Inferiorly, superiorly

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23
Q

Which two external rotator muscles originate within the pelvic cavity

A

piriformis - anterior surface of sacrum, superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament
obterator internus -pelvic surfaces of ilium and ischium; internal surface of obturator membrane

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24
Q

What is the tendon of the obturator internus muscle protected by as it swings around the bony edge of the ischium

A

a bursa

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25
Q

what does rami mean in latin

A

arms

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26
Q

what does the piriformis separate from the pelvis

A

the exiting of the sup. and inf. gluteal nerve and artery

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27
Q

what is the usual orientation of the sup and inf gluteal n and a referring to the piriformis?

A

they come out inferior, but it is not uncommon for them to split around or through the piriformis

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28
Q

what do the glut med and min do when taking a step

A

they tilt and stabilize the pelvis, so it doesnt sad on the opposite side when its support is removed

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29
Q

When do we see Trendelenberg’s sign

A

when there is neuromuscular damage to the superior gluteal nerves and/or the muscles, or a broken bone so that these muscles don’t have a fixed point from which to pull, the pelvis will sag

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30
Q

what are all plexuses formed from

A

primary ventral rami of spinal nerves.

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31
Q

what do the primary ventral rami divide into?

A

dorsal and ventral division

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32
Q

which rami are considered mixed nerves ( contain both sensory and motor axons)

A

ventral rami

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33
Q

what plexus is the dorsal divisions of the ventral rami of L4?

A

sacral plexus

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34
Q

Which segments for the common peroneal (fibular) part of the sciatic nerve?

A

L5-S2

35
Q

What plexus gives rise to the sup and inf gluteal nerves and the nerve to the piriformis

A

sacral plexus.. these both leave the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen

36
Q

The ventral divisions of the sacral plexus give rise to which nerves

A

n. to the obterator internus and quadratus femoris and the tibial part of the sciatic nerve

37
Q

what will have effects on the ability to extend and abduct the thigh, flex the leg and dorsiflex the foot?

A

damage to the sciatic nerve in the gluteal region

38
Q

which nerve is carrying sensory info an autonomic fibers to and from the genital region?

A

pudendal nerve ( ventral divisions of the sacral plexus

39
Q

What forms the lumbar plexus

A

ventral rami of spinal nerves (T12, L1-L5

40
Q

dorsal divisions of L2-L4 of the lumbar plexus form

A

the femoral nerve

41
Q

the ventral divisions of L2-L4 of the lumbar plexus form

A

the obturator nerve

42
Q

Referring to iliopsoas, what’s the difference between the origin and insertions of psoas major and iliacus?

A

psoas major originates on the TP and bodies of L5-T12 and inserts into the lesser trochanter via the strong tendon
iliacus originates inf to that. (sup 2/3 of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum and ant sacroiliac ligament) also inserts into the lesser trochanter via the strong psoas tendon AND the shaft of femur just inf to the lesser trochanter

43
Q

What does iliacus do when the vert column is fixed

A

flexes thigh

44
Q

when iliacus acts inferiorly unilaterally, what does it do

A

laterally flexes trunk

45
Q

when iliacus acts inferiorly bilaterally with fixed thigh, what does it do

A

flexes trunk

46
Q

what’s the difference in innervation in the iliacus muscles?

A

psoas major - lumbar plexus- ventral rami L1-3(4)

iliacus L2-L4

47
Q

TFL originates at ASIS and the iliac crest to the…

A

iliac tubercle

48
Q

Where does the iliotibial tract eventually end up

A

lateral condyle of tibia

49
Q

What four muscles receive innervation from the femoral n. L2-L4?

A

iliacus, sartorius, quadriceps (4 muscles), and pectineus

50
Q

both TFL and Sartorius originate at ASIS, flex, and abduct the thigh, what do they do differently?

A

TFL internally rotates thigh

Sartorius externally rotates thigh

51
Q

Sartorius’ origin and insertion both have the “superior part” of something. what are they

A

o - sup. part of notch inferior

i - sup. part of medial surface of tibia

52
Q

Which Quad muscle does not originate on the femur alone

A

Rectus femoris - AIIS and groove sup to acetabulum

53
Q

where do all quad muscles insert

A

base of patella & via patellar lig to tibial tuberosity

54
Q

The easiest o and i are of the pectineus. what are they

A

o- pectineal line of the pubis
i - pectineal line of the femur
it is also the floor of the femoral triangle

55
Q

Which 4 medial muscles of the thigh are innervated by the obturator nerve L2-L4?

A

Adductor longus, brevis, adductor part of magnus and gracilis
obturator externus is innervated by the obturator n but only L3-L4

56
Q

Which adductor muscles also flex thigh at the hip

A

pectineus, brevis, adductor part of magnus

57
Q

A magnus has two parts, adductor and hamstring. both adduct the thigh, but what do they do opposite?

A

adductor part flexes thigh

hamstring part extends thigh

58
Q

What is obturator externus innervated by?

A

obturator n L3-L4

59
Q

Does the tibial portion of sciatic n L4(L5-S1) innervate

A

Adductor magnus hamstring part

60
Q

What do most of the hamstring get innervated by?

A

tibial division of sciatic n. L5-S2. the only one that does not is the short head of biceps femoris, which is the common peroneal div of sciatic nerve L5-S2

61
Q

What’s the common origin of the hamstring muscles?

A

Ischial tuberosity. the short head originates at the lateral lip of the linea aspera

62
Q

What is the only difference between Semitendinosus and semimembranosus

A

their insertion
semitendinosus - medial surface of sup part of tibia
semimembranosus - posterior part of medial condyle of tibia, oblique popliteal ligament

63
Q

The hamstring muscles share which actions

A

extension of thigh, flexion of leg. semiten and semimem internally rotate leg, bicep femoris externally rotate

64
Q

where do the becep femoris muscles insert and what is the tendon split by

A

lateral side of fibular head

LCL

65
Q

What are the superficial veins of the thigh connected to the deep veins

A

valved interconnections

66
Q

a breakdown in the valve system of deep veins creates

A

vericose veins

67
Q

what does the saphenous opening allow the greater saphenous vein to do?

A

dump into the femoral vein

68
Q

What does the external iliac artery become after passing the inguinal ligamant?

A

femoral artery

69
Q

what does the femoral artery become after it passes through adductor canal

A

popliteal artery

70
Q

what does the saphenous nerve enter the femoral triangle with?

A

femoral nerve. then travels with femoral a through adductor canal

71
Q

Name the boundaries of the femoral triangle

A

superior - inguinal ligament
medial - adductor longus
lateral - sartorius
floor - bodies of pectineus and iliopsoas

72
Q

from lat to med, the contents of femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve, artery, vein, canal

73
Q

what is the purpose of the femoral canal

A

allows for venous expansion of vein during times of high venous return

74
Q

If this structure is ruptured, small intestine can bulge into and/or become stranulated

A

femoral sheath. different than inguinal hernia

75
Q

what is the femoral sheath an extension of

A

abdominal transversalis fascia and iliac fascia

76
Q

what does the femoral sheath contain?

A

contens of the femoral triangle for 4 cm, not femoral and saphenous nerves

77
Q

what three compartments is the femoral sheath divided into

A

for artery, vein, and femoral canal

78
Q

What is the tunnel beneath the sartorius that carries the femoral artery, vein, and saphenous nerve

A

adductor canal

79
Q

where does the adductor canal end?

A

the adductor hiatus in adductor magnus

80
Q

what are the boundaries of the adductor canal

A

lateral - vastus medialis
posteromedial - a longus and magnus
anterior - sartorius
roof - sartorius and subsartorial fascia

81
Q

what is the diamond shaped area at the posterior aspect of the knee

A

popliteal fossa

82
Q

what are the boundaries of the politeal fossa

A

superolateral - biceps femoris
superomedial - semitendinosus and semimembranosus
inferomedial and inferolateral - medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius
floor - popliteal surfaces of femur and tibia, oblique popliteal lig., part of the semimembranosus tendon, popliteus fascia
roof - skin and fascia

83
Q

contents of popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery, vein, and genicular anastomosis

tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve

DPT Anatomy Test 1 (3 decks)

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