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DPT Anatomy Test 1 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

_______ are structures that come from the dermis and project into the epidermal base.

A

Dermal papillae

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2
Q

________ are adjoining epidermal projections that correspond to dermis surface

A

epidermal ridges

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3
Q

what types of interdigitation do thin skin have?

A

peg and socket

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4
Q

what types of interdigitations does thick skin have?

A

ridges and grooves

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5
Q

What subcutaneous loose connective tissue lays deep of the dermis?

A

hypodermis

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6
Q

the hypodermis, not part of the skin, but forms loose adhesion of skin to underlying tissue contains…

A

adipocytes

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7
Q

4 functions of the skin

A
  1. receptor organ
  2. protection against impact and friction
  3. protection against UV - pigment melanin
  4. glands, blood vessels and adipose - thermoregulation, body metabolism and excretion
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8
Q

Total thickness of skin, including dermis

A

up to 4 mm

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9
Q

smooth, non-hairy. sometimes stratum lucidum is a marker

A

thick (glaborous)

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10
Q

hairy skin

A

thin

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11
Q

Which two layers of the epithelium are mitotic

A

stratum basale & spinosum

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12
Q

Which layer of epithelium has abundant rough ER; producing protein

A

stratum basale

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13
Q

these attach stratum basale to underlying layer

A

desmosome and hemidesmosomes

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14
Q

these filaments are produced by the stratum basale

A

cytokeratins

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15
Q

these filament bundles in the stratum spinosum attach to the desmosomes interconnecting each cell and give the spinous appearance in histological preparations

A

tonofibrils

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16
Q

Which stratum in the epithelium is thicker in areas of greater abrasion

A

spinosum

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17
Q

Five layers of epithelium (from deep to superior)

A
  1. s. basale
  2. s. spinosum
  3. s. granulosum
  4. s. lucidum
    1. corneum
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18
Q

why does s. granulosum stain dark

A

keratohyalin granules

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19
Q

the lipid rich lamellar granules that seal the skin are located in the

A

s. granulosum

20
Q

this layer is more apparent in thick skin

A

lucidum

21
Q

nuclei and organelles are gone in these two layers

A

lucidum and corneum

22
Q

what densely packed structures are embedded in the matrix of lucidum

A

cytokeratin filaments

23
Q

Are desmosomes still present in stratum lucidum

A

yes

24
Q

What Is stratum corneum filled with

A

keratin, embedded in the matrix from keratohyalin granules ( from s. granulosum)

25
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

A

in and beneath s. basale

26
Q

How do melanocytes protect genetic material from UV radiation?

A

the melanin granules encirlce the nucleus of the keratinocytes

27
Q

Where are Langerhans cells derived from

A

bone marrow (mesoderm)

28
Q

where are most sensory nerve endings?

A

dermal layer

29
Q

which kind of cells may be sensory due to their association with free nerve endings? within thick skin

A

Merkel’s cells

30
Q

What kind of connective tissue is the dermis

A

dense irregular

31
Q

what is in the papillary layer of the dermis

A

contains dermal pegs

lamina reticularis-reticular fibers that contribute to basement membrane

32
Q

what is the reticular layer of the dermis

A

dermatan sulfate elastic fiber netwrk

33
Q

the nerve endings in the dermis are…

A

encapsulated

34
Q

what happens if sebaceous glands are plugged

A

acne

35
Q

what do sebaceous glands produce

A

sebum- fat of the gland and remnant of dead secretory cells

36
Q

where are the sebaceous glands ducted into

A

hair follicle

37
Q

which sweat gland is larger and can extend all the way to the hypodermis? eccrine or apocrine

A

apocrine

38
Q

Which sweat gland is open to skin surface and produces sweat

A

eccrine

39
Q

which sweat gland is responsible for body odor

A

apocrine

40
Q

why is the apocrine gland responsible for body odor

A

their secretion is viscous and allows for bacterial decomposition=odor

41
Q

precancerous changes to corneal layer of epidermis, may turn into squamous cell carcinoma. also called solar keratoses

A

actinic keratosis

42
Q

locally invasive, yet can metastasize type of carcinoma

A

squamous cell carcinoma

43
Q

what is the most common type of carcinoma and is destructive to local tissue

A

basal cell carcinoma

44
Q

why is malignant melanoma so dangerous?

A

because melanocytes migrate into the epidermal layers, and they readily will leave this tissue and travel throughout the body and invade all tissues and organs.

45
Q

What predicts type of epithelial and connective tissue response

A

thickness of wound

46
Q

Four stages of wound healing

A
  1. immediate or hemostasis
  2. inflammation
  3. proliferation
  4. maturation
47
Q

What are the two layers of skin?

A

Dermis and Epidermis

DPT Anatomy Test 1 (3 decks)

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