Integumentary System Flashcards
_______ are structures that come from the dermis and project into the epidermal base.
Dermal papillae
________ are adjoining epidermal projections that correspond to dermis surface
epidermal ridges
what types of interdigitation do thin skin have?
peg and socket
what types of interdigitations does thick skin have?
ridges and grooves
What subcutaneous loose connective tissue lays deep of the dermis?
hypodermis
the hypodermis, not part of the skin, but forms loose adhesion of skin to underlying tissue contains…
adipocytes
4 functions of the skin
- receptor organ
- protection against impact and friction
- protection against UV - pigment melanin
- glands, blood vessels and adipose - thermoregulation, body metabolism and excretion
Total thickness of skin, including dermis
up to 4 mm
smooth, non-hairy. sometimes stratum lucidum is a marker
thick (glaborous)
hairy skin
thin
Which two layers of the epithelium are mitotic
stratum basale & spinosum
Which layer of epithelium has abundant rough ER; producing protein
stratum basale
these attach stratum basale to underlying layer
desmosome and hemidesmosomes
these filaments are produced by the stratum basale
cytokeratins
these filament bundles in the stratum spinosum attach to the desmosomes interconnecting each cell and give the spinous appearance in histological preparations
tonofibrils
Which stratum in the epithelium is thicker in areas of greater abrasion
spinosum
Five layers of epithelium (from deep to superior)
- s. basale
- s. spinosum
- s. granulosum
- s. lucidum
- corneum
why does s. granulosum stain dark
keratohyalin granules
the lipid rich lamellar granules that seal the skin are located in the
s. granulosum
this layer is more apparent in thick skin
lucidum
nuclei and organelles are gone in these two layers
lucidum and corneum
what densely packed structures are embedded in the matrix of lucidum
cytokeratin filaments
Are desmosomes still present in stratum lucidum
yes
What Is stratum corneum filled with
keratin, embedded in the matrix from keratohyalin granules ( from s. granulosum)
Where are melanocytes found?
in and beneath s. basale
How do melanocytes protect genetic material from UV radiation?
the melanin granules encirlce the nucleus of the keratinocytes
Where are Langerhans cells derived from
bone marrow (mesoderm)
where are most sensory nerve endings?
dermal layer
which kind of cells may be sensory due to their association with free nerve endings? within thick skin
Merkel’s cells
What kind of connective tissue is the dermis
dense irregular
what is in the papillary layer of the dermis
contains dermal pegs
lamina reticularis-reticular fibers that contribute to basement membrane
what is the reticular layer of the dermis
dermatan sulfate elastic fiber netwrk
the nerve endings in the dermis are…
encapsulated
what happens if sebaceous glands are plugged
acne
what do sebaceous glands produce
sebum- fat of the gland and remnant of dead secretory cells
where are the sebaceous glands ducted into
hair follicle
which sweat gland is larger and can extend all the way to the hypodermis? eccrine or apocrine
apocrine
Which sweat gland is open to skin surface and produces sweat
eccrine
which sweat gland is responsible for body odor
apocrine
why is the apocrine gland responsible for body odor
their secretion is viscous and allows for bacterial decomposition=odor
precancerous changes to corneal layer of epidermis, may turn into squamous cell carcinoma. also called solar keratoses
actinic keratosis
locally invasive, yet can metastasize type of carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
what is the most common type of carcinoma and is destructive to local tissue
basal cell carcinoma
why is malignant melanoma so dangerous?
because melanocytes migrate into the epidermal layers, and they readily will leave this tissue and travel throughout the body and invade all tissues and organs.
What predicts type of epithelial and connective tissue response
thickness of wound
Four stages of wound healing
- immediate or hemostasis
- inflammation
- proliferation
- maturation
What are the two layers of skin?
Dermis and Epidermis
