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ANATOMY > TRUNK MYOLOGY > Flashcards

TRUNK MYOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite side

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2
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side

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3
Q

Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A

4 muscles:

Quadratus lumborum
Psoas minor
Psoas major
Iliacus

Positioned deep to the erector spinae muscles

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4
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

S: large flat quadrilateral

O: Iliolumbar ligament and adjacent part of iliac crest

I: middle 1/2 lower border 12th rib, lateral part T.P of L1– L5

D: upwards and medially

A: unilateral - side flexion to same side
Reverse origin insertion pelvis on standing leg
Fixation Diaphragm during deep inspiration

F:

NS: Subcoastal nerve T12-L4

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5
Q

Psoas Minor

A

Only 40% have it

S: weak muscle

O: T12-L1 VB + IVD

I: iliopubic eminence

D: anteriorly

A: weak flexor lumbar spine

F:

NS: Ramus L1

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6
Q

Psoas major

Hip

A

Shape: large and powerful

Origin: bodies and discs of vertebrae T12 – L5
Anterior aspect of all lumber transverse processes (TPs)

Insertion: lesser trochanter or Femur (with iliacus)

Direction: inferiorly

Actions: flexes hip and laterally flexes the lumbar spine working bi-laterally flexes is the lumbar spine

Function: sitting up from a lying position

Nerve supply: anterior rami L1,2,3,4

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7
Q

Iliacus

Hip

A

Shape: flat fan shaped

Origin: upper and posterior 2/3 iliac fossa of sacrum and anterior Sacroiliac ligament

Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur with psoas major

Direction: inferiorly anteriorly

Actions: flexes the hip

Function: sitting up from a lying position

Nerve supply: femoral nerve L2, 3

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8
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia

A

diamond shaped

3 layers fibrous connective tissue
Anterior,middle,posterior

Protective membrane between the 12th rib and pelvis protects posterior abdomen– kidney

Broad communal tendon muscle attachment e.g oblique internus

Compartmentalises muscle

Stabilisation and force transmission through lower back

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9
Q

Anterior abdominal wall

A

4 total

3 sheet muscle:
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

1 Strap:
Rectus abdominis

Aponeurosus of these muscles reinforce and form abdominal wall

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10
Q

Aponeurosus

A

Sheet of fibrous tissue

Dense collagen content

Same action as tendon

Broad area of attachment between muscle and bone

Flat forms layers save space

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11
Q

Linea Alba

A

“White line”

Fibrous structure on front of body in midline “seem” between R and L

Joins the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis

Point of attachment for abb muscles

Transmits force across the body from one side of the abdominal muscles to the other side

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12
Q

External oblique

A

S: most superficial anterolateral abb wall

O: Fleshy slips to the outer borders of ribs 5 to 12 and costal cartilages

I: •outer lip of anterior 2/3 iliac crest
•Via on a Aponeurosis to the linea Alba, pubic tubercle and ASIS (via inguinal ligament)

D:

A: •bilateral - Trunk and spine flexion
•Unilateral – ipsilateral flexion and contralateral rotation
•Reversed O/I – pelvis on the same side is raised in walking

F: pelvis raised same side walking

NS: Anterior Rami T7-12

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13
Q

Inferior boarder of external oblique

A

Forms inguinal ligament of pelvis between ASIS and the pubic tubercle

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14
Q

Internal oblique

A

S: Anterolateral abdominal wall deep to external oblique

O: lateral 2/3rds inguinal ligament
anterior 2/3rds illiacus crest
Thoracolumbar fascia

I: Inferior borders ribs 9–12
Via Aponeurosus to linear Alba
involvement rectus sheath
Via conjoint tendon to pubic crest and pectineal line of pubis

D: inferior

A: •bilateral - Trunk and spine flexion
•Unilateral – ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation
•Reversed O/I – pelvis on the same side is raised in walking

F: pelvis raised same side walking

NS: Rami T7-12, Lumbar L1

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15
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

S: deepest sheet muscle

O: • costal cartilage lower 6 ribs
• Lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
• anterior 2/3rds inner lip illiacus crest
•thoracolumbar fascia

I:• Via Aponeurosus to linea Alba
• pubic tubercle
•pectinial line via conjoint tendon

D: horizontal fibres

A: forces diaphragm upwards

F: coughing sneezing

NS: Rami T7-12, lumbar L1

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16
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

S: x2 strap

O: Anterior pubic symphysis and pubic crest

I: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5–7

D: vertical

A: •Bilaterally flexes trunk and spine -posterior pelvic tilt
•unilaterally lateral flexion to same side
• reversed O/I posterior pelvic tilt

F: sit up

NS: Thorcoabdominal nerves T7-11
Subcostal nerve T12

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17
Q

Rectus sheath

A

Strong fibrous covering of rectus abdominis improves function prevent bowstringing of muscle during contraction

Formed by aponeurosis of abdominal muscles
• int oblique
• ext oblique
• abdominal fascia

Covers and invests rectus abdominis

Helps transmit force from one side of the abbs to other

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18
Q

Difference of arcuate sheath above and below arcuate line

A

Above:

Oblique externus passes in front
Oblique Internus passes in front and behind
Transversus passes behind

Below:

Oblique externus, oblique Internus and tansversus all pass in front

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19
Q

Actions abdominal muscles

A

See pictures

20
Q

Functions abdominal muscles

A

Assists in trunk Stability and stabilise upper body and lower body

Transmits force between upper body and lower body

Contain and protect abdominal contents – organs

Raised intra-abdominal pressure particularly transversus due to horizontal arrangement of fibres

Forces diaphragm from upwards – cough/sneezing

If diaphragm is fixed this causes wrong result in expulsive arcs of the body e.g. vomiting/defecation

21
Q

Abdominal pressure

A

Abdomen = container

Limits:
•Superior – diaphragm

  • Inferior – pelvis, pelvic floor
  • Anterolaterally – rectus sheath, sheet musculature
  • Posterior – thoracal lumbar for sure, posterior abdominal wall, spinal column

Contraction of muscles increase force within a comfined space can result in herniation- diastasis rectus

22
Q

What are the 3 muscles of erector spinae

A

Muscles that straighten out spine

  1. Spinalis
    > Thoracics * most significant
    > Cervicis
    > Capitis
  2. Longissumus
    > Thoracics *
    > Cervicis
    > Capitis
  3. Illiocostalis
    > Lumborum *
    > Thoracics
    > Cervicis
23
Q

Longissimus and Iliocostalis common origin

A

Muscles arise as cydrical belly and form common origin

flat U-shaped tendon attaches from numerous locations

Medially – spinous processes T11 – L5, Supraspinous ligament, medial sacral crest

Laterally – sacral crest
Sarcotuberous 
Coxccygeal
posterior illiac crest
posterior Sarcoilliac ligaments
24
Q

iliocostalis- Lumborum *

A

O: common errector spiny origin

I: via 6 slips into lower 6 ribs near angles

D: lateral, superior

25
Q

iliocostalis- thoracis

A

O: lower 6 ribs

I: upper 6 ribs C7 TP

D: superior, medial

26
Q

Iliocostalis- Cervicis

A

O: upper 6 ribs

I: Posterior tubercles of TP C4–7

D:

27
Q

Longissumus- Thoracis

A

O: common errector spinae origin
TP L1-L5

I: 2 slips to the TP all 12 thoracic vertebrae adjacent 10 ribs

D: superior

28
Q

Longissumus- cervicis

A

O: TP T1-6

I: posterior tubercle of TP C2-6

D:

29
Q

Longissumus- capitis

A

O: TP T1–5 articular processes C4–7

I: Posterior aspect of mastoid process

D:

30
Q

Spinalis- Thoracis

A

O: Spinous process T11 – L2

I: superior

D: T1–6

31
Q

Spinalis- cervicis

A

Abscent or poorly developed

O: lower nuchal canal ligament spinal process T1-6

I: Spinous process C2

D:

32
Q

Spinalis- capitis

A

Indistinct from semispinalis Capitis

33
Q

3 muscles that interact with lumbar spine

A

Iliocostalis (lateral)

Longissumus (middle)

Spinalis (medial)

34
Q

Erector spinae actions

A

Prevents pelvis from dropping on unsupported side when standing on one leg

BILATERAL:

Extension of relevant lumbar, thoracic or cervical spine

UNILATERAL

  • Ipsilateral lateral flexion of relevant lumbar, thoracic or cervical spine
  • Ipsilateral rotation of relevant thoracica cervical spine
  • All movements depend upon the relevant muscle attachment and location
35
Q

Erector spinae- nerve supply

A

Adjacent posterior primary Rami according to position

36
Q

Erector spinae- combined action

A

Reaching to scratch the back of your knee with your legs straight

Combined extension ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation

Poor full extent of the trunk:
•Returning trunk from a flex position particularly underload e.g. lifting a box from the floor

37
Q

Semispinalis - Thoracis

A

O: TP T6-10

I: spinous processes C6-T2

38
Q

Semispinalis- Cervicis

A

O: TP T1-6

I: spinous processes C2-6

39
Q

Semispinalis- Capitis *

A

O: TP C4-T6

I: Between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of base of skull

Rotation head

40
Q

Semispinalis

Action

A

Bilateral – extension of spine

Unilateral – contralateral rotation of spine

41
Q

Multifidus

A

Deep to semi spinalis

O: posterior sacrum
Mammillary process lumbar vertebrae
TP thoracic vertebrae
Articular process C3-7

I: Spinouss processes L5-3

D: upwards medially

42
Q

Multifidus- layered arrangement

A

Deep fibres – 1 spinal level above

Intermediate fibres- 2–3 spinal levels above

Superficial fibres- 3–4 spinal levels above

43
Q

Rotatores

A

Best developed in thoracic region- most rotation

O: TP one vertebrae

I: Lamina of vertebrae above

Some fibers cross x2 spinal levels

44
Q

Multifidus + Rotatores

Actions

A

Multifidus- Contralateral rotation of spine in addition to extension and lateral flexion

Rotatores- Contralateral thoracic spine rotation

*Both = stabilising muscle acting as extensile spinal ligaments to control movement

45
Q

Multifidus + Rotatores

Nerve supply

A

Adjacent posterior rami

46
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

Between ASIS and pubic tubercle

ANATOMY (11 decks)

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