HIP MYOLOGY Flashcards
Movements occurring at hip by muscle groups
Flexors Extensors Abductors Adductors Medial rotators Lateral rotators
Flexors of the hip
Psoas major: palpable (tendon
only)
Illiacus: palpable (tendon only)
Sartorius: palpable
Pectineus: x palpable (too deep)
Psoas major 🐶
Shape: large and powerful
Origin: bodies and discs of vertebrae T12 – L5
Anterior aspect of all lumber transverse processes (TPs)
Insertion: lesser trochanter or Femur (with iliacus)
Direction: inferiorly
Actions: flexes hip, working bi-laterally laterally flexes is the lumbar spine
Function: sitting up from a lying position
Nerve supply: anterior rami L1,2,3,4
Sartorius 🐍
Shape: Strape like thin longest muscle in body
Origin: Anterior Superior iliac spine
Insertion: upper medial shaft of tibia
Direction: inferiorly medially
Action: Flexes and laterally rotates the hip flexes the knee
Function: sitting cross-legged
Nerve supply: femoral nerve L2,3
Illiacus 🍗
Shape: flat fan shaped
Origin: upper and posterior 2/3 iliac fossa of sacrum and anterior Sacroiliac ligament
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur with psoas major
Direction: inferiorly anteriorly
Actions: flexes the hip
Function: sitting up from a lying position
Nerve supply: femoral nerve L2, 3
Pectineus🤚
Shape: small rectangular
Origin: superior ramus of pubis iliopubic eminence and pubic tubercle
Insertion: pectineal line on upper posterior femur
Direction: inferiorly laterally
Actions: flexes and adducts the hip
Function: sitting up from a line position
Nerve supply: femoral nerve L2, 3
Extensors
Gluteus maximus – palpable
Hamstrings – palpable
Gluteus maximus 🥩
Shape: very powerful larges of the gluteal muscles most superficial gluteal muscle quadrilateral shaped
Origin: gluteal surface of ilium, iliac crest, posterior sacrum and coccyx Sarcotuberous ligament and fascia covering erector spinae
Insertion: deep part to the gluteal tuberosity of fumur superficial 3/4 to the iliotibial tract
Direction: inferiorly latterly
Actions: extends laterally rotates and abducts the hip
Function: running walking climbing keeping us up right
Nerve supply: inferior gluteal nerve L5 S1,2
Adductors
Adductor longus – palpable
Adductor Magnus – palpable
Adductor brevis - x palpable
Gracilis – x palpable
Adductor longus /
Shape: triangular
Origin: anterior aspect body of pubis
Insertion: upper half linea aspara of femur
Direction: inferiorly laterally
Actions: adducts hip
Function: weight transference during walking, horse riding
Nerve supply: obturator nerve L2, 3,4
Adductor Magnus 🌲
Shape: largest adductor muscle two components adductor part and hamstring part. Triangular
Origin: ischiopubic ramus inferior surface of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: adductor part- into the whole length of the linea aspara of Femur
hamstring part- into the middle supracondylar ridge and adductor tubercle of femur
Direction: inferiorly laterally
Actions: adducts and extend the hip
Function: weight transference during walking, horseriding
Nerve supply: adductor- obturator nerve L2,3
Hamstring part: sciatic nerve L4
Adductor brevis 🌱
Shape:‘s smallest adductor muscle triangular
Origin: body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: upper half of linea aspera of femur
Direction: inferiorly laterally
Actions adducts hip
Function: weight transference during walking, horseriding
Nerve supply: obturator nerve L2,3,4
Gracilis ( I )
Shape: long thin muscle
Origin: body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: medial surface shaft of tibia between sartorius and semitendinous
Direction: inferiorly
Actions: adducts hip and flexs the knee
Function: weight transference train walking, horseriding
Nerve supply: obturator nerve L2, 3
Abductors
Gluteus medius – palpable
Gluteus minimus – X palpable
Tensor fascia lata – palpable
Sartorius - palpable
Gluteus medius 🥩
Shape: second largest gluteal muscle lies under gluteus maximus triangular
Origin: gluteal surface of ilium and covering fascia
Insertion: superolateral surface of greater trochanter a femur
Direction: inferiorly laterally
Actions: abducts and medially rotates hip
Function: keeps the pelvis level during walking
Nerve supply: superior gluteal nerve L4, 5,S1
Gluteus minimus 🥩
Shape: smallest and deepest gluteal muscle lies under gluteus medius triangular
Origin: gluteal surface of ilium deep to gluteus medius
Insertion: anterior superior surface of greater trochanter of femur
Direction: inferiorly latterly
Actions: abducts and medially rotates hip
Function: stability and control of pelvic movements
Nerve supply: superior gluteal nerve L4, 5, S1
Tensor fascia lata ❗️
Shape: smallish and triangular
Origin: ASIS and adjacent iliac crest
Insertion: plants between the two layers of the iliotibial tract and onto the lateral tibial condyle
Direction: inferiorly posteriorly
Actions: abducts medially rotate tape assists in the extension
Function: Keeps the pelvis level during walking
Nerve supply: superior gluteal nerve L4, 5
Medial rotators
Gluteus medius – palpable
Gluteus minimus – x palpable
Tensor fascia lata – palpable
Lateral rotators (deep)
Piriformis – X palpable
Quadratus femoris – X palpable
Obturator internus/externus – X palpable
Gemellus superior/inferior – X
palpable
Gluteus maximus – palpable
Sartorius – palpable
What is the fascia
Any collection of connective-tissue large enough to be visible to the naked eye
Two types: superficial, deep
Superficial fascia of the thigh
Sits just below the skin like a sleeve around the thigh
Allows the passage of nerves and lymphatics to the skin
Deep fascia of the thigh
Also known as the fascia lata and it ensheaths the muscles
Encloses glutes and tensor fascia lata
Deepest part has elongations called intermuscular septa that anchors the fascia to the femur And divide the thigh muscles into fascial compartments
Thickening of the deep fascia on the lateral aspect of the thigh forms the iliotibial tract which extends from the iliac crest on the pelvis to the lateral aspect of the lateral tibial condyle
Why is the iliotibial tract important
important structure: provides a large surface area for other muscles to attach
Origin
Proximal attachment
Fixed bone
Insertion
Distal attachment
Moveable bone
Iliotibial tract
Position and Attachments
Iliotibial tract is a vertical band of thickened fascia
Position: found in the lateral part of the fascia lata
Attachments:
Proximal:
superiorly to the outer lip of the iliac crest behind the iliac tubercle
Distal:
Inferiorly to a tubercle on the anterior aspect of the lateral tibial condyle(gerdy’s tubercle)
Thickest below the level of the greater trochanter
Piriformus
Shape: triangular
Origin: 2nd 3rd 4th sacral segments lateral to anterior sacral foramina
Insertion: superior body of greater trochanter
Direction: laterally anteriorly
Action: lateral rotation abduction
Function: stabilises hip
Nerve supply: lumbosacral plexus L5 S1,2
Quadratus femoris
Shape: flat quadraleteral muscle
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: superior to mid portion of intertrichanteric crest on posterior of femur
Action: laterally rotates
Function: stabilizes hip
Nerve supply: quadratus femoris L4,5 S1
Obturator internus
Shape: triangular shape posterior to hip
Origin: inner surface of obturator foramen pubis and ischium
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter if femur
Direction: laterally posteriorly
Action:laterally rotates abduction
Function: moving sideways lower limb swinging crawling
Nerve supply: obturator internus L5 S1,2
Obturator externus
Shape: triangular
Origin: outer surface of obturator membrane
Insertion: trochanteric fossa
Direction: below Acetabulum across the back of the femoral neck to attach to the trochanteric fossa
Action: laterally rotates abduction
Function: controlling pelvis forward swinging phase controlling movement when pelvis is flexed
Nerve supply: obturator nerve L3,4
Gemellus superior
Shape:triangular
Origin: Ischial spine
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter if femur
Direction: laterally inferiorly
Action: laterally rotates abducts
Function:stabilise hip
Nerve supply: obturator internus L5 S1,2
Gemellus inferior
Shape: triangular
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
Direction: laterally superiorly
Action: laterally rotates abducts
Function: stabilise hip
Nerve supply: quadratus femoris L4,5 S1
Peter Got Olive Good Quiz Orders
Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Obturator internus
Gemellus inferior
Quadratus femoris
Obturator externus
