Trunk, Cervical & Facial

Question 1

rotators of the trunk (3)

Answer 1

transversospinalis, external oblique, internal oblique

Question 2

trunk flexors (3)

Answer 2

rectus abdominis, external obliques, internal obliques

Question 3

trunk extensors (3)

Answer 3

erector spinae, transversospinales, interspinales

Question 4

lateral flexors of the trunk (5)

Answer 4

internal obliques, external obliques, erector spinae, intertransersarii, quadratus lumborum

Question 5

rectus abdominis

Answer 5

O: pubis
I: costal cartilages of ribs 5,6,7 & xiphoid process
A: flexion of trunk; compress abdominal viscera

Question 6

external obliques

Answer 6

O: lower 8 ribs
I: iliac crest; abdominal aponeurosis, pubis, linea aspera
A: bilaterally: flexion of trunk, compresses abdominal viscera
unilaterally: flexion of trunk to same side, rotation of trunk to opposite side

Question 7

transverse abdominis

Answer 7

O:inguinal ligament; iliac crest; thoracolumbar aponeurosis; last 6 ribs
I: abdominal aponeurosis & linea alba, pubis
A: compress abdominal viscera

Question 8

internal obliques

Answer 8

O: inguinal ligament; iliac crest; thoracolumbar fascia
I: ribs 9-12, abdominal aponeurosis, linea alba
A: bilaterally: flexion of trunk, compress abdominal viscera
unilaterally: lateral flexion of trunk to same side, rotation of trunk to same side

Question 9

quadratus lumborum

Answer 9

O:posterior iliac crest
I: 12th rib, transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
A:lateral flexion of spine; “hip hiking”

Question 10

intertransersarii

Answer 10

O: transverse process below
I: transverse process above
A: bilaterally: extension of spine
unilaterally: lateral flexion to same side

Question 11

interspinales

Answer 11

O: spinous process below
I: spinous process above
A: trunk extension

Question 12

erector spinae

Answer 12

O: spinous process, transverse process & posterior ribs from occiput to sacrum & ilium
I: spinous & transverse processes & posterior ribs from occiput to sacrum & ilium
A: bilaterally: extension of spine
unilaterally: lateral flexion of spine to same side

*includes iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

Question 13

transversospinalis

Answer 13

O: posterior transverse processes
I: spinous processes
A: bilaterally: extension of spine
unilaterally: rotation to opposite side

*includes semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

Question 14

lateral flexors of neck (8)

*all unilateral on same side of movement

Answer 14

sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, longus capitis, longus colli, splenius cervicis, splenius capitis, levator scapula (ROA), upper trapezius (ROA)

Question 15

scoliosis

Answer 15

lateral curves

Question 16

of vertebrae

Answer 16

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral (fused)

24 individual vertebrae
23 intervertebral discs

Question 17

vertebral curves

Answer 17

kyphotic - curve opens anteriorly (anteriorly concave)
- thoracic & sacral
lordotic - curve opens posteriorly (anteriorly convex)
- cervical & lumbar

Question 18

joints of skull

Answer 18

lambdoidal (occipital & parietal)
coronal (frontal & parietal)
sagittal (parietal left & right)
squamous (parietal & temporal)

Question 19

movements of motion segment (6)

Answer 19

tilting (sagittal plane)
gliding/translation (sagittal plane)
compression & distraction
rotation (transverse plane)
side to side tilting (frontal plane)
side to side gliding/translation (frontal plane)

Question 20

sternocleidomastoid

Answer 20

O: medial clavicle & manubrium of sternum
I: mastoid process
A: unilaterally: lateral cervical flexion to same side and rotation to opposite side
bilaterally: cervical flexion

Reversal of Action: w/ head & neck fixed, elevates clavicle & sternum

Question 21

scalenes

Answer 21

O: transverse processes of C2-C7
I: first & second rib
A: unilaterally: lateral cervical flexion to same side
bilaterally: cervical flexion

reversal of action: w/ head & neck fixed, elevates first 2 ribs

Question 22

longus capitis

Answer 22

O: transverse processes C3-C6
I: occipital bone
A: unilaterally: lateral cervical flexion to same side
bilaterally: cervical flexion

Question 23

longus colli

Answer 23

O: transverse processes C3-T3
I: anterior surface of C2-C4
A: unilaterally: lateral cervical flexion
bilaterally: cervical flexion

Question 24

suboccipital

Answer 24

4 small mm connecting base of skull and uppermost cervical vertebrae

generally classified as head extensors

Question 25

splenius capitis

Answer 25

O: lower 1/2 of ligamentum nuchae; spinous processes C7-T3
I: mastoid process; occipital bone (laterally)
A: bilaterally: cervical extension
unilaterally: rotate neck to same side, lateral cervical flexion to same side

Question 26

splenius cervicis

Answer 26

O: spinous processes T3-C6
I: transverse processes of C1-C3 (lateral)
A: bilaterally: cervical rotation to same side
unilaterally: lateral cervical flexion to same side

Question 27

cervical flexors (4)

Answer 27

bilateral cervical flexion: sternocleidomastoid, longus capitis, longus colli, scalenes
unilaterally lateral flexion on same side: longus capitis, longus colli, scalenes

Question 28

cervical extensors (2)

Answer 28

splenius cervicis, splenius capitis

Question 29

temporalis

Answer 29

closes & retracts jaw

Question 30

orbicularis oris

Answer 30

lip closure

Question 31

masseter

Answer 31

bilaterally closes jaw, assists w/ protraction

Question 32

buccinator

Answer 32

maintains cheeks near teeth

Question 33

epicranius (occipitofrontalis)

Answer 33

frontalis - raises eyebrows, causes furrows in forehead

occipitalis - retracts scalp

Question 34

orbicularis oculi

Answer 34

tightly closes eye

Question 35

platysma

Answer 35

pulls lower corner of mouth down

Question 36

cervical rotators (4)

Answer 36

sternocleidomastoid (opposite side), splenius capitis (same side), splenius cervicis (same side), upper trapezius (opposite side)