Hip & Knee

Question 1

medial rotators of the knee (5)

Answer 1

semitendinosus, semimembranosus, popliteus, gracilis, sartorius

Question 2

flexors of the knee (8)

Answer 2

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, sartorius, gracilis, gastrocnemius, plantaris, popliteus

Question 3

flexors of the hip (8)

Answer 3

iliopsoas, rectus femoris, pectineus, tensor fasciae latae, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus (anterior head), sartorius

Question 4

lateral rotators of the hip (8)

Answer 4

piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, obturator externus, quadratus femoris, gluteus maximus, sartorius

Question 5

medial rotators of the hip (3)

Answer 5

gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae

Question 6

extensors of the hip (5)

Answer 6

gluteus maximus, biceps femoris - long head, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor magnus - posterior head

Question 7

extensors of the knee (5)

Answer 7

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedialis, tensor fasciae latae

Question 8

abductors of the hip (4)

Answer 8

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius

Question 9

adductors of the hip (5)

Answer 9

adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis, pectineus

Question 10

lateral rotators of the tibia (1)

Answer 10

biceps femoris

Question 11

piriformis

Answer 11

O: anterior surface of sacrum
I: greater trochanter
A: lateral rotation of hip
N: anterior rami S1-2

Question 12

iliopsoas

Answer 12

O:bodies & tranverse processes of T12-L5 
O: iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter of femur
A: main hip flexor
N: iliacus: femoral L2-4
     psoas major: anterior rami L2-3

Question 13

vastus lateralis

Answer 13

O: linea aspera of posterior femur & greater trochanter
I: proximal patella & tibial tuberosity via infrapatellar ligament
A: knee extension
N: femoral L2-4

*part of quadriceps

Question 14

popliteus

Answer 14

O: posterior lateral condyle of femur
I: posterior medial proximal tibial shaft
A: initiates knee flexion by medially rotating tibia to “unlock” the knee
N: tibial L4-S1

Question 15

tensor fasciae latae

Answer 15

O: external iliac crest, posterior to ASIS
I: lateral tibial condyle via iliotibial tract
A: hip flexion, abduction, & medial rotation; knee extension
N: superior gluteal L4-S1

Question 16

pectineus

Answer 16

O:superior ramus of pubis
I: between lesser trochanter & linea aspera
A: hip flexion & hip adduction
N: femoral L2-4

Question 17

sartorius

Answer 17

O: ASIS
I: anteromedial surface of proximal tibia
A: hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation, knee flexion; medial rotation of knee
N: femoral L2-4

Question 18

gracilis

Answer 18

O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: anteromedial surface of proximal tibia
A: hip adductionl knee flexion & medial rotation of tibia
N: obturator L2-4

*part of pes anserine

Question 19

semitendinosus

Answer 19

O: ischial tuberosity
I: anteromedial surface of proximal tibia
A: hip extension; knee flexion; medial rotation of tibia
N: sciatic - tibial division L5-S2

*part of pes anserine

Question 20

semimembranosus

Answer 20

O: ischial tuberosity
I: posterior aspect of medial tibial condyle
A: hip extension; knee flexion; medial rotation of tibia
N: sciatic - tibial division L5-S2

*part of hamstrings

Question 21

biceps femoris

Answer 21

O: long head @ ischial tuberosity
short head @ lateral lip of linea aspera
I: fibular head
A: long head: hip extension; knee flexion; lateral rotation of tibia
short head: knee flexion; lateral rotation of tibia
N: long: sciatic - tibial division S1-S3
short: sciatic - common peroneal division L5-S2
*part of hamstrings

Question 22

adductor magnus

Answer 22

Anterior head:
O:  inferior pubic ramus
I: linea aspera
A: hip adduction; assists w/ hip flexion
N: obturator L2-4

Posterior head:
O: ischial tuberosity & ramus of ischium
I: adductor tubercle
A: hip adduction; performs hip extension
N: sciatic L4-S3

Question 23

adductor longus

Answer 23

O: anterior pubis
I: middle 1/3 of linea aspera
A: hip adduction; assists w/ hip flexion
N: obturator L2-4

Question 24

adductor brevis

Answer 24

O: anterior pubis
I: proximal linea aspera
A: hip adduction, can assist w/ hip flexion
N: obturator L2-4

Question 25

vastus intermedialis

Answer 25

O: anterior & lateral shaft of femur
I: proximal patella & tibial tuberosity via infrapatellar ligament
A: knee extension
N: femoral L2-4

*part of quadriceps

Question 26

vastus medialis

Answer 26

O: linea aspera
I: proximal patella & tibial tuberosity via infrapatellar ligament
A: knee extension
N: femoral L2-4

*part of quadriceps

Question 27

rectus femoris

Answer 27

O: AIIS; upper margin of acetabulu
I: proximal patella & tibial tuberosity via infrapatellar ligament
A: hip flexion; knee extension
N: femoral L2-4

*part of quadriceps

Question 28

gluteus minimus

Answer 28

O: external surface of posterior ilium between middle & inferior gluteal lines
I: anterior portion of greater trochanter
A: abduction, medial rotation of hip
N: superior gluteal L4-S1

*also prevents pelvis from dropping on opposite side when standing on one leg

Question 29

gluteus medius

Answer 29

O: iliac crest; external surface of ilium between superior & medial gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter
A: abduction; medial rotation of hip
N: superior gluteal L4-S1

*also prevents pelvis from dropping on opposite side when standing on one leg

Question 30

gluteus maximus

Answer 30

O: posterior surface of sacrum & ilium @ superior gluteal line
I: gluteal tuberosity; IT band to lateral tibial condyle
A: powerful hip extensor; hip lateral rotator
N: inferior gluteal L5-S2

Question 31

gemellus superior
obturator internus
gemellus inferior
obturator externus
quadratus femoris

Answer 31

O: ischium; obturator foramen
I: greater trochanter
A: lateral rotation of hip
N:
gemellus superior & obturator internus: obturator internus nerve
quadratus femoris & gemellus inferior: quadratus gemoris nerve