TRUCK Numbers Flashcards
It takes ____ joules to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1°C.
4186 joules
Page 22
1 BTU equals approximately____ joules.
1 Btu= approximately 1100 joules
Page 22
The ceiling temperature approaches ____ ° during a rollover and the heat being radiated to the floor may be sufficient to ignite ordinary material such as newspaper.
1100°
Pace 28
The heat flux created by a flashover is not survivable for more than a _____ even when wearing full PPE and SCBA.
A few seconds
Page 47
And impending collapse indicator is heavy fire with no progress after____ in wood or ordinary construction.
10-12 minutes
Page 70
While two firefighters may be sufficient to locate a firefighter in distress, it may take ____or more to affect the rescue.
A dozen or more
Page 80
To use their radios, a trapped firefighter may have to alternately turn their PASS devices on and off for ____minute intervals to allow them to hear transmissions from the RIC or emergency traffic.
1 minute intervals
Page 83
Crawling along the wall wiping it with one glove hand from the floor to his high as they can reach without standing up should help a lost firefighter quickly locate a window that is within about ___feet of a floor.
4 ft
Page 84
Removing the wall between any two adjacent studs will only increase an opening approximately____ inches wide
14 inches
Page 86
If the stack material happens to be rolls of newspaper print that can weigh more than ____lbs each, such a collapse could be lethal for firefighters nearby.
2500 lbs
Page 112
A building measuring 50 x 100’ with an accumulation of water 6 inches deep requires the structure to support an additional _____of weight.
78 tons
Page 113
The ideal climbing angle for ground ladders.
75° from horizontal
Page 125
The ladder selected must not only be long enough to reach the objective at a safe climbing angle, but must also extend ____rungs above the parapet or roof eve.
3-5 rungs over
Page 126
A pole ladder can be raised perpendicular or parallel with. ___-___firefighters.
5-6 firefighters
A minimum of____ firefighters are required to raise a pole ladder.
4 firefighters
If the window opening is wide enough to permit the ladder tip to project into it and still allow room to facilitate entry, the ladder can be placed so that it extends ___-___ rungs into the window opening.
2-3 rungs into the window
(Pumping and aerial is different)
Page 135
In the absence of aerial devices, ground ladders are the primary means of gaining access to the roof of structures up to _____ stories in height.
4 stories
Page 139
When drafting water from a static source such as a pond or lake, it is important to maintain 24 inches between the intake strainer and the bottom of the water source.
24 inches
Page 140
When constructing a water chute, roll the edges of the salvage cover over the pike pole toward the middle until there is a____ ft width between the rolls.
3 ft
Page 142
If the gap between the buildings is not more than ___ the ladder length, a single ladder can be laid on the roof of one building and the tip simply slid over to the other building.
1/3 the length
Page 142
If a firefighter crawling on the floor of a smoke-filled Victorian-style residence can touch the ceiling with a _____there is probably a false ceiling in that room.
6ft pike pole
Page 162
Both residential and commercial buildings construction before the middle of the 20th century commonly hadhad ceiling’s with heights of____ or more.
10 foot or more
Page 162
LARGE single family dwellings
____-____sqft.
5000-10000 sqft
Page 167
Possible BLEVE situation. The DOT-Emergency Response Guidebook recommends pulling back___ in these instances.
1/2 mile
Page 181
Fuel oil mechanical atomizer psi.
600-1000 psi
Page 184
The DOT-ERG recommend staging anywhere from ____-____ away from the source of both LPG and natural gas leaks.
160-330 feet
Page 185
LEL of natural gas
5% or 50,000 ppm
(Recommended 10% perimeter)
Page 186
LEL of propane
1.5% or 15,000 ppm
(Recommended 10% perimeter)
Page 186
With downed power lines the recommended isolation distance is:
One full span between poles or towers in all directions.
Page 193
Alternating current detectors capabilities.
15ft normal
As little as 1ft in wet soil
As much as 500ft with high conductors
Page 194
A powerline can be reenergized with____ V from a generator.
240 volts
Page 195
Most masonry walls are about ___ high and roughly ___ thick.
6 ft high
1 ft thick
Page 211
Scientifically controlled fire test conducted by the NFPA indicate that the TIME AVAILABLE FOR ESCAPE from a burning building can be as little as____ minutes after ignition due to heat buildup in a confined space.
11 minutes
Page 219
Replace a 12 tooth wood cutting blade when:
2 or more teeth are busted or the tips are worn down
Page 221
Replace 24 tooth wood cutting blades when:
8 or more teeth are busted or tips are worn.
Page 221
Replace composite concrete or metal cutting blades when they have been worn down sufficiently for the blade to fit inside a ____ inch circle.
8 inch circle
Page 221
With a triangle cut the apex of the triangle should be at least ____ high in the middle of the door.
6 feet
Page 231
If firefighters know that a door has several deadbolts installed, they will also know to cut the door from top to bottom about___ft from the edge of the door handle side.
1ft
Page 235
The most effective blade for cutting through all types of plastic windows.
40 tooth carbide-tipped
Page 240
Lite search robes are available in ___lengths at ____ volt AC power.
300 ft lengths
120 volt
Page 260
Some thermal imager‘s are designed primarily for locating the seat of a fire by being calibrated to respond to temperatures in excess of____ °.
900°
Page 261
Regardless of the door marking method used, the mark should be placed____of the wall or door so they are more likely to be visible below the smoke later.
Lower 1/3 of the wall/door
Page 267
Large area search rope:
Main
Tethers
Details
Main-
•200ft 3/8in Kevlar rope
• 2in steel ring every 20ft
•knot I’m after each ring per 20ft
Tether- •20ft 1/4in Kevlar rope •3/4in steel ring on one end • knot at midpoint • nonlocking carabiner or snap ring at one end
Details-
• minimum 3 people
•10ft outside the area and 3ft off the ground- search rope is tied to a fixed area with a company identifier.
Page 268
Depending on the size of the door, telescoping doors can have a space as large as _____ inches between the inner and outer skin.
13 inches
(At least 2 inches)
Page 324
Exterior masonry walls usually range from ___-____inches or more in thickness depending upon the material used.
8-12 inches
Page 326
Veneer-over-frame walls are essentially frame walls in which____ or ___ wood or metal studs are covered with ply or osb.
2x4 or 2x6
Page 326
EIFS veneer may be as much as ___thick.
1ft
Page 326
PPV blowers are set up _____ft outside the point of entry into the building so the cone of air they create completely covers the opening.
6 feet
Page 333
When using windows for ventilation, the exit opening should be about ____times as large as the inlet opening.
2x as large
Page 332
Compared with mechanical smoke ejectors, fog streams are capable of removing ____ times more smoke.
2-4x more
Page 336
Hydraulic ventilation numbers:
60° pattern
85 to 90% coverage
2 feet inside
Page 336
Rooftop solar panels electrical power can be as high as:
600 volts DC up to 8 amps
Page 347
Most rooftop assemblies employee parallel rafter system with rafters spaced from ____-____inches on center.
12-24 inches
Page 354
It is recommended that a clear space of at least ___ feet be maintained in all directions from anyone using a cutting tool in vertical ventilation.
10 feet
Page 355
Most common pitch on residential roofs in areas with mild climates.
5/12 pitch
Page 361
The sawtooth roof consist of a series of small pitched roofs similar in shape to teeth of a saw. The rafters are __x__lumber or larger and use wood or metal supports for bracing.
2x8 inch
Page 366
Bridge-truss spacing in a roof system may be as much as ___-___ feet on center.
16-20 foot
Page 365
When vertically ventilating a pitched roof the ventilation exit opening should be at least ____ and in many cases may need to be larger.
4x4
Page 368
Flat roofs ordinarily have a slight slope of____pitch or less from the front towards the rear.
2/12 pitch or less
Page 368
Wooden deck roofs may present a hazard if lightweight plywood or OSB decking is used. Panels of ____-____ inch thickness offer little fire resistance.
3/8- 5/8 inch
Page 372
Because it is difficult and time-consuming to cut concrete roofs that are more than ___in thick, they are often designed with a built-in access panel.
4 inches
Page 374
In a poured gypsum roof, gypsum board is placed on the brackets and is covered with a layer of gypsum cement up to____inches thick to which wire mesh reinforcement is added.
2.5 inches thick
Page 374
Roof monitors can also be used for vertical ventilation. To maximize their effectiveness, at least ____of the monitor housing should be opened or removed.
2 sides
Page 379
In a Bowstring Truss Roof the top chords of these arches are usually laminated __x__ inch or larger.
Purlins are usually __x__ covered by __x__ sheathing
2x12 laminated lumber arch
2x10 purlins
1x6 sheathing
Page 380
In a Trussless Arch Roof the arches may be spaced between ___and ___ feet apart.
16 and 20 feet
Page 382
In a Lamellar Arch Roof the framework is usually constructed of dimensional lumber in which __x__ inch wood members are bolted together at the intersections with steel gusset plates.
2x12 inch
Page 382
When __ - __% of a Lamella roof burns away, sudden failure of the remainder of the roof is likely.
10-20%
Page 382
In many modern buildings, heavy timber and plank sheathing has given way to laminated beams and __x__inch lumber covered by __inch plywood.
2x4 inch
1/2 inch
Page 383
Penalized Roof construction:
Laminated beams dimensions- __x__in
Beam length in excess of ___ft spaced ___-___ ft apart
Purlin dimensions- __x__in and __ft centers between beams.
Rafters/sub purlins dimensions- __x__in by __ft on __ft centers between purlins
Laminated beams are 6x36in
Beam length in excess of 100ft spaced 12-40ft apart
Purlins are 4x12in on 8ft centers
Rafters/sub purlins are 2x4in by 8ft on 2ft centers between purlins
Page 384
Comment sheet metal gusset plate prong size.
3/8 inch prongs
Page 385
Wooden/Metal trusses have web members usually made of ___in cold rolled steel tubing with the end pressed flat. Normal spacing of these trusses is __ feet on center.
1 in
2 ft
Page 386
Even without the support of interior walls, Pitched Roof Trusses span up to ___feet using __x__ inch components. The most common spacing between these trusses is __-__feet on center, and a __ inch plywood or OSB is commonly used as sheathing.
55 foot spans
2x4 inch components
2-4 foot on center
1/2 inch decking
Page 388
Wooden I-Beams construction:
Web made of solid __x__in ply or osb
Chords made of __x__ , __x__ ,or micro-lam
Common spacing is __ft on center
Solid 3/8 in web
2x3 or 2x4 in chords
2 ft on center spacing
Pages 388/389
Shakes and shingles are usually nailed to wooden __x__ inch or __x__inch plank sheathing with a space of about __inch between the planks.
1x4 or 1x6 inch planks
1 inch between planks
Page 390
Urethane/isocyanate foams are applied to roofs in two forms. One is in the form of __x__foot sheets of foam insulation. The other form is called formed-in-place application.
4x8 foot
Page 392
Light Gauge Metal/Fiberglass Roof coverings consist of aluminum, fiberglass, or ___-___ gauge steel panels over a wooden or metal structure.
18-20 gauge
Page 394
Steel Clad Roof construction:
1st type-
STRAPS dimensions- __in x __in steel strap grid welded together forming __in gaps in the grid.
2nd type-
SHEET dimensions- __x__ sheets of steel from
__- __in thick.
1/4 inch x 2 inch strap grid
Leaving an 8 inch gap
4x8 sheet
1/8 - 1/4 inch thick
Page 395
Because a 1/4 inch steel plate weighs___lbs per square foot a 20 x 50’ roof would have a proximately 10,000 pounds added to it.
10lbs per sqft
Page 395
One 8 x 8‘ ventilation opening is equal in area two ____4 x 4 holes.
4- 4x4 holes
Page 400
Trench ventilation is accomplished by cutting an opening in the roof, at least __ feet wide, across the entire width of the building.
4 ft
Page 404
The staging floor in a high-rise fire is located:
2 floors below the fire
Page 411
A fully equipped firefighter, especially one wearing a full toolbelt and caring spare air tanks, can weigh more than ___pounds
300 lbs
Page 411
Most PPV blowers position at the street level or effective up to about ___floors.
22 floors
Page 414
In a high-rise structure, assuming that the structure is closed, with little or no gas being vented to the atmosphere, a neutral pressure plane exist at the level of ambient atmospheric pressure (usually between___and __% of the buildings height).
35-50% of the building height
Page 419
Draft curtains generally extend a distance equal to at least ___% of the vertical distance from the floor to the roof but no lower than __feet above the floor.
20%
10 ft
Page 427
Firefighters are____ x more likely to get____ cancer ( 7#)
Liver, intestinal, prostate, lymphoma 2 x
Malignant melanoma
Other skin cancers
Testicular
Bladder, leukemia
Brain
Kidney
Liver, intestinal, prostate, lymphoma 2 x
Malignant melanoma 2.25 x
Other skin cancers 3 x
Testicular 2.5x
Bladder, leukemia 3 x
Brain 3.5 x
Kidney 4 x
Page 102
