Truck Company Flashcards
climbing angle for ground ladders
75 DEGREES from horizontal
how far away can ladder butt be
divide the used length of ladder by 4
ladder placement ventilation
along side the window to the windward side, the tip should be even with the upper portion of the window. the same position can be used when FF need to climb in or out of narrow windows or direct hose streams into them
entry/rescue ladder placement
mid line of the window slightly below the sill
ladder placement guidlines
ladder at least two points on different side of a building for roof access/egress.
avoid placing over door or window openings where they may be exposed to flames/heat
place at building strong points (corners) when possible
place directly in front of window when used as a support for ejector, place tip above window opening on wall
avoid overhead obstructions
avoid uneven/soft terrain
avoid placing over paths of travel
communicate ladder placement to crews
vertical ventilation
in absence of aerial device ground ladders are primary means of gaining access to roof up to 4 stories
time available for escape TAE
as little as 11 min after ignition due to heat buildup in a confined space such as a bedroom
fire burning inside a building IC choices
protect exposures, or order search of building and an aggressive interior attack
rotary saw w/ metal cutting blade
best for forcing an inward swinging metal door set in a metal frame
softening the building
forcing a door as long as it is in line with the IAP and does not change the ventilation profile
most common method of cutting a role up door
large triangular cut a Teepee cut in the center of the door
window size up
type of window
type of glass
type of frame or case
type of locking/ latch
type of security device
break window with ax
use flat side
rotary saw w/ medium carbide tip
most effective when making entry through all types of plastic windows
breaching walls
most important to know the building through pre incident planning
metal wall breach
rotary saw
primary search priorities
most severely threatened
largest numbers
remainder of hazard zone
exposures
primary search tools
portable radio
handlight
forcible entry tools
thermal imaging camera
marking devices
outward opening doors
firefighters should stay on the hinge side so the door can provide some protection if flames and heat erupt
most critical search areas
fire floor
floor directly above fire
topmost floor
tactical ventilation
reduces chance of rollover,flashover,backdraft
once ventilation is needed
coordinate vent ops with rescue and fire attack. this involves timing, location, and method
horizontal vent considerations
location of fire
wind direction and speed
location of vent opening
before forcing a door
try before you pry
smoke ejectors
use caution, some can ignite certain combustible gas
fog stream vent
capable of removing 2-4 times for smoke depending on size and type of nozzle, angle of spray pattern, location of nozzle in relation to vent opening
fog vent stream
not exceed 60 degrees, it will loose efficiency at greater angles
Disadvantages w/ hydraulic vent
increase in water damage
drain on water supply
in subfreeze temps additional ice may form
nozzle operator must remain in hostile environment
operation may be interrupted each time operator runs out of breathing air
when FF on roof
it should be laddered on all sides if resources allow. 2 minimum
factors to consider for roof ops
sagging roof
roof vents that appear to be tall
large puddles of water
smoke or fire coming vents
heavy dead load
drop offs
solar panels
vent hole
4x4 may need to be larger
stack effect
natural vertical movement of heat and smoke (convection) in tall structures. Because of differences in the density of the air inside and outside of these buildings the heat and smoke rise as if in a stack
mushroom effect
when smoke and heat rise until they no longer can
stratification
can occur near top of the building or several floors below. form smoke into layers. This can cause a toxic atmosphere many floors above the fire even where little heat
PPV blowers at street level
effective up to about 22 floors
horizontal vent on fire floor
only done if there is no other choice
auto roof vents
intended to limit the spread of fire by releasing smoke and heat to the outside before the mushroom effect happens.
curtain boards or draft curtains
fire resistive half walls. extend down from underside of roof. extend a distance equal to at least 20% of vertical distance from floor to roof but not lower than 10 ft above the floor.
curtain board areas
usually containing critical industrial processes or concentrations of flammable liquids or other hazmats with high fire potential
