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Fire Lt > Strategies And Tactics > Flashcards

Strategies And Tactics Flashcards

1
Q

HCN (hydrogen cyanide)

A

35 times more toxic than CO.
chemical asphyxiant. Prevents the body from using o2 at the cellular level. inhaled, ingested, absorbed. targets heart and brain,

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2
Q

electrical energy

A

resistance heating
overcurrent or overload
arcing
sparking

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3
Q

mechanical energy

A

friction or compression

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4
Q

conduction

A

txf of heat through and between solids. heated by direct contact.

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5
Q

convection

A

txf of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a fluid liquid or gas. txf by the movement of hot smoke. flows from the hot heated area to cooler.

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6
Q

radiation

A

txf of energy. dominant mode of heat txf as fire grows.

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7
Q

flash point

A

minimum temp at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to ignite but not sustain combustion.

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8
Q

fire point

A

temp at which a piloted ignition will begin a sustained combustion.

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9
Q

propane flammable range

A

2.1%-9.5%

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10
Q

CO flammable range

A

12-75%

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11
Q

gasoline flammable range

A

1.4-7.4%

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12
Q

diesel flammable range

A

1.3-6%

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13
Q

ethanol flammable range

A

3.3-19%

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14
Q

isolated flames

A

indicate a portion of the gas layer are within their flammable range. immediate indicator of flashover.

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15
Q

levels of neutral plane

A

high
mid
very low

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16
Q

underfloor air distribution systems UFAD

A

introduces thermostatically controlled air into the space through the openings in the floor. return air passes through the sidewall vents located adjacent to the hvac system mechanical room

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17
Q

preincident survey include

A

location of water supplies
water system interconnections
required fire flow based on construction type and fuel load, or calculations that owners or occupants can provide
water supply system pressure, pitot gauge.
available fire flow
reliability of water supplies
water supply methods

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18
Q

type 1 factors that affect strategy

A

high occupancy and load
location of fire and number of floors
access/egress
building safety
ventilation difficulties
resources needed

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19
Q

type 2 factors that affect strategy

A

confirming the actual type
mixed occupancy
likely areas of collapse due to construction features
potential large area and volume for growth
contents and processes
hoseline deployment and search tactics

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20
Q

type III factors that affect strategy

A

voids exist inside the wooden channels that roof truss systems create unless proper fire stopping is applied
renovations in older type 3 structures may result in greater fire risk due to larger voids created
new construction materials may have been substituted for original materials during reno.
use of structure may have changed

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21
Q

type IV factors that affect strategy

A

occupancy type
specific apparatus placement due to potential collapse
lack of sufficient fire pro systems
conditions that require high fire flow/supply water
potential limited access

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22
Q

type V materials

A

wooden boards
plywood
oriented strand board OSB

23
Q

type V factors affecting strategy

A

high life hazard
structure contributes to the fire with early collapse potential
rapid fire spread due to construction and age of building
non permitted remodeling and alterations
open floor plans and void spaces do not limit the ability of fire and smoke to travel

24
Q

steps in decision making process (5)

A

ID and prioritize the problems
define best solution
implement solution
monitor results
adjust plan as necessary

25
Q

Command staff organizational levels

A

Branch
Division
Group
Unit

26
Q

Branch

A

organizational level having functional/ geographic responsibility for major segments of incident operations. located between section and division or group. defined by roman numeral IE command or ops.

27
Q

division

A

having responsibility for ops within a defined geographic area. between branch and single resources, task force, or strike team. resources assigned to that division report to that division super.

28
Q

group

A

organizational level, equal to division having responsibility for a specific functional assignment at an incident. without regard to a specific area. when assigned function is completed they will be reassigned.

29
Q

unit

A

level within the section the fulfill specific support functions such as the resources, documentation, demob, and situational units within the planning section.

30
Q

Quantity and movement of smoke indicate

A

potential fuels and potential hazards
location and stage of fire and travel direction

31
Q

smoke color

A

differ between fuels, such as legacy and modern,
tar,soot, and carbon are most common heated particles found in smoke giving it the black color. water vapor and heated gases give the white color

32
Q

light colored smoke/ slow moving

A

can indicate if smoke has traveled distances from origin. a small amount fo smoke from a large structure could easily indicate a well seated fire inside

33
Q

white smoke

A

light white smoke indicates pyrolysis is occurring in areas adjacent to the main body of fire. It indicates moisture and gases are being released from the product.

34
Q

brown smoke

A

common in mid stage heating as moisture mixes with gas and carbons. indication of burning wood, whether unfinished found largely in attics pr finished found in structural wood members.

35
Q

grey smoke

A

combination of mixing. It can be mid stage heating with white,brown, or black, or it can be when different smoke areas combine. can indicate smoke changes from mid stage to high heat.

36
Q

black smoke

A

high quantities of carbon particles and is also and indicator of the amount of ventilation available at the seat of the fire. The thicker the smoke, the less clean burning and less oxygen available, as smoldering fires produce massive amounts of black smoke.

37
Q

thick black smoke

A

suggests fire is in late stage of pyrolysis which produces large amounts of carbon as unburned product

38
Q

black fire

A

refers to dense black smoke that is ready to ignite possibly at the vent point

39
Q

3 common types of smoke movement

A

floating/hanging
volume pushed
heat pushed

heat will determine smoke speed

40
Q

occupant survival profile

type of size up that should be used when evaluating victim survivability what questions are asked?

A

are occupants suspected of or known to be trapped?
is it reasonable to assume that the occupants are still alive?

41
Q

residential occupancy type

A

hotels,motels, and guest accommodations are likely to be occupied by transient residents not familiar with the structure, the exits, or evac plans

42
Q

incident priorities

A

life safety
incident stabilization
property conservation

43
Q

investigation option (nothing showing)

A

when the problem is not obvious the IC should establish command and announce nothing showing

44
Q

fast attack or mobile command option

A

first arriving unit has the responsibility of assuming command of the incident. at most incidents the company officer will be initial IC. Mobile command is an option to him.

45
Q

situations when mobile command can be used

A

life safety; victim rescue
offensive fire attack
any incident when FF safety is a major concern
when further investigation is required by company officer
crew members need closer supervision from being new or inexperienced

46
Q

stationary command option

A

because of nature or potential for rapid expansion of some incidents, immediate and strong overall command is needed.

47
Q

stationary command set up

A

name the incident
designated location of the incident command post
give initial report on conditions
request additional resources
initiating the use of tactical worksheet

48
Q

VEIS
vent enter isolate search

A

vent
enter
isolate
search

49
Q

direct attack

A

solid or straight stream of water or foam most efficiently on fuel controlled fires
the primary fuels burning in these fires are the combustibles located within the compartment

50
Q

direct attack considerations

A

arrival conditions
location,size,extent of fire
available resources
size of the structure
structural features that may affect interior suppression
ease of access to the burning fuel
hose stream type and application
potential flow paths within the structure

51
Q

indirect attack

A

use of a solid or straight stream uses water most efficiently on vent controlled fires. primary fuel within these types of fires are the fire gases that the combustion process inside of a compartment produce. can be considered gas cooling if performed on the interior of structure. Additionally could be considered transitional if started exterior.

52
Q

fire detail

A

requesting additional personnel to replace initial assignment unitis

53
Q

weather conditions that affect tactical vent

A

wind
temp
Atmospheric pressure
precipitation
relative humidity

Fire Lt (6 decks)

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