Trocino Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Which stage involves the management, feeding, selection, and slaughtering in aquaculture?

A) Reproduction
B) Nursery
C) Seeding
D) Fattening

A

d

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2
Q

What are the main characteristics that differ among production systems?

A) Type of feed used
B) Species farmed
C) Management intensity
D) All of the above

A

d

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3
Q

Which water characteristic is considered when differentiating between freshwater and marine aquaculture?

A) pH levels
B) Salinity
C) Clarity
D) Flow rate

A

b

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4
Q

In extensive aquaculture systems, what is typically used for feeding?

A) Natural trophic availability
B) Only aquafeed
C) Combination of aquafeed and natural food
D) Fertilization

A

a

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5
Q

What is the primary oxygenation method used in intensive aquaculture systems?

A) Natural oxygenation
B) Optional aeration
C) Aeration systems and/or pure O2
D) No oxygenation needed

A

c

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6
Q

Which type of aquaculture does not typically require waste water treatment?

A) Extensive
B) Semi-intensive
C) Intensive
D) None of the above

A

a

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7
Q

What type of aquaculture involves using lagoons designed for fish to move with sea tides?

A) Intensive aquaculture in freshwaters
B) Extensive aquaculture in brackish waters
C) In-shore based installation for marine species
D) Water-based (sea cages) systems

A

b

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8
Q

Which species are typically farmed in extensive aquaculture in brackish waters?

A) Carp and catfish
B) Salmon and trout
C) Seabass, sea bream, eels, and mullets
D) Tilapia and rainbow trout

A

c

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9
Q

What is a characteristic feature of valliculture?

A) Using artificial tanks
B) Isolation of coastal water ecosystems by humans for fish production
C) Recirculating systems
D) Indoor aquaculture systems

A

b

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10
Q

Which species is listed as critically endangered by the IUCN and farmed in valliculture?

A) Chelon labrosus
B) Liza aurata
C) Anguilla anguilla
D) Mugil cephalus

A

c

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11
Q

What is the main method used to seed traditional valliculture systems?

A) Hatchery-produced fry
B) Artificial insemination
C) Wild fish entrance and seeding of fry
D) Genetic modification

A

c

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12
Q

In extensive aquaculture in freshwaters, what is often used to stimulate the aquatic food pyramid?

A) Chemical additives
B) Cleaning and fertilizing ponds
C) Mechanical feeders
D) Antibiotics

A

b

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13
Q

Which species are commonly farmed in extensive freshwater aquaculture ponds?

A) Carp, zander, pike, and catfish
B) Salmon, trout, and tilapia
C) Seabass and seabream
D) Shrimp and prawns

A

a

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14
Q

What type of systems are used in intensive aquaculture in freshwaters for continuous water flow?

A) Closed recirculating systems
B) Tanks with stagnant water
C) Flow-through systems
D) Lagoons

A

c

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15
Q

What is a key advantage of using recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)?

A) Lower initial costs
B) High production per surface unit
C) Low pathogen control
D) High water requirements

A

b

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16
Q

What is a common species farmed using recirculating systems in freshwater?

A) Seabass
B) Carp
C) Rainbow trout
D) Shrimp

A

c

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17
Q

What type of aquaculture system holds fish in a net anchored to the bottom and maintained on the surface by a floating framework?

A) In-shore based systems
B) Sea-cages systems
C) Recirculating systems
D) Pond systems

A

b

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18
Q

What is one factor to consider when selecting a site for sea-cages systems?

A) Water temperature
B) Type of feed
C) Bathymetry or site depth
D) Stocking density

A

c

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19
Q

Which species are commonly farmed in sea-cages in the Mediterranean?

A) Carp and catfish
B) Seabass, seabream, and tuna
C) Trout and salmon
D) Tilapia and sturgeon

A

b

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20
Q

Which type of cage is often used for farming high-value species like tuna?

A) Square floating cages
B) Circular floating cages
C) Submersible cages
D) Fixed inshore cages

A

b

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21
Q

What type of impact is caused by sedimentation from organic particulates in aquaculture?

A) Geochemical processes
B) Alien species diffusion
C) Interaction with wild populations
D) Pathogen transmission

A

a

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22
Q

Which is an origin of geochemical changes in aquaculture systems?

A) Use of chemicals
B) Escape of farmed species
C) Sedimentation from feces and uneaten feed
D) Diffusion of alien species

A

c

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23
Q

Which is a potential impact of pathogen transmission in aquaculture?

A) Release of gametes
B) Capture of wild fry
C) Indigenous and newly introduced parasites
D) Use of wild fish

A

c

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24
Q

What is one method used to mitigate the environmental impacts of aquaculture?

A) Reducing feeding rates
B) Increasing fish stocking density
C) Implementing integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA)
D) Using artificial light systems

A

c

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25
Q

In IMTA, which type of species is typically used to recycle waste nutrients?

A) Predatory fish
B) Shellfish and algae
C) Freshwater fish
D) Herbivorous fish

A

b

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26
Q

What type of farming system is used primarily for shellfish in Europe?

A) Pond systems
B) Bottom farming and floating systems
C) Recirculating systems
D) Sea-cages systems

A

b

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27
Q

Which species are typically farmed in shellfish aquaculture?

A) Oysters and mussels
B) Salmon and trout
C) Carp and catfish
D) Seabass and seabream

A

a

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28
Q

What is a common aquaculture practice for farming clams?

A) Using recirculating systems
B) Prefattening in lagoons
C) Raising in sea-cages
D) Feeding with artificial pellets

A

b

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29
Q

Which farming method involves the use of longlines for shellfish?

A) Bottom farming
B) Raft farming
C) Floating systems
D) Intensive tank systems

A

c

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30
Q

What is a significant advantage of aquaponics systems?

A) High initial costs
B) Integration of fish and plant farming
C) High water requirements
D) Limited species diversity

A

b

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31
Q

What is the indicative surface/volume for extensive aquaculture systems?

A) More than 20 ha
B) Until 20 ha per basin
C) 25-20,000 m3
D) Less than 1 ha

A

a

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32
Q

Which type of aquaculture system uses tanks made of materials like concrete, plastic, or fiberglass?

A) Extensive
B) Semi-intensive
C) Intensive
D) Brackish water systems

A

c

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33
Q

What is the typical stocking density for intensive aquaculture systems?

A) Until 0.0025 kg/m3
B) Until 1 kg/m3
C) 20-30 kg/m3
D) Over 50 kg/m3

A

c

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34
Q

In which type of aquaculture system is the use of drugs compulsory?

A) Extensive
B) Semi-intensive
C) Intensive
D) Valliculture

A

c

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35
Q

What water supply method is typically used in semi-intensive aquaculture systems?

A) Natural, differences of height or tides
B) Natural or mixed
C) Based on pumps
D) Underground water

A

b

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36
Q

Which system requires compulsory waste water treatment?

A) Extensive
B) Semi-intensive
C) Intensive
D) Traditional valliculture

A

c

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37
Q

In the context of European aquaculture, what is a feature of water-based (sea cages) systems?

A) Used for freshwater species
B) Suitable for coastal and open waters
C) Only used for shellfish farming
D) Require low water quality

A

b

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38
Q

Which species is commonly farmed in intensive in-shore based installations for marine species?

A) Carp
B) Rainbow trout
C) Turbot
D) Catfish

A

c

Steinbutt

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39
Q

What is a key factor in selecting a site for sea-cages systems?

A) Proximity to urban areas
B) Depth and current speed
C) Availability of artificial feed
D) Species diversity

A

b

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40
Q

Which type of net is often used in the design of sea-cages?

A) Cotton nets
B) Nylon or polyamide nets
C) Silk nets
D) Paper nets

A

b

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41
Q

What type of aquaculture system is used primarily for mussels in Europe?

A) Sea-cages
B) Ponds
C) Longlines and rafts
D) Recirculating systems

A

c

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42
Q

Which aquaculture method is described by maintaining ponds to foster aquatic fauna development?

A) Intensive aquaculture
B) Extensive aquaculture
C) Recirculating systems
D) Sea-cages systems

A

b

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43
Q

What is a common method used in valliculture for capturing and selecting fish?

A) Using automatic feeders
B) Pushing fish towards basins for collection
C) Chemical sedation
D) Genetic selection

A

b

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44
Q

Which species is commonly farmed using in-shore based installations for marine species?

A) Salmon
B) Trout
C) Gilthead sea bream
D) Catfish

A

c

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45
Q

What type of aquaculture system often involves the use of HDPE cages?

A) Recirculating systems
B) Extensive ponds
C) Sea-cages
D) Brackish water systems

A

c

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46
Q

Which characteristic is important for nets used in sea-cages?

A) Biodegradability
B) Chemical resistance
C) Elasticity
D) Transparency

A

b

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47
Q

Which type of species is often farmed using longlines in deeper waters?

A) Shellfish
B) Freshwater fish
C) Marine mammals
D) Herbivorous fish

A

a

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48
Q

What type of farming involves growing oysters using bottom farming and raft methods?

A) Aquaponics
B) Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
C) Shellfish farming
D) Valliculture

A

c

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49
Q

What is a key feature of aquaponics systems?

A) High initial costs
B) Use of antibiotics
C) Integration of plant and fish farming
D) Limited to marine species

A

c

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50
Q

Which production stage in aquaculture involves the hatchery and nursery phases?

A) Fattening
B) Grow-out
C) Maturation and broodstock management
D) Feeding

A

c

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51
Q

What is one environmental impact caused by organic particulates in aquaculture?

A) Geochemical processes
B) Increased biodiversity
C) Improved water clarity
D) Reduced pathogen load

A

a

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52
Q

Which impact is associated with the release of gametes from aquaculture systems?

A) Sedimentation
B) Pathogen transmission
C) Interaction with wild populations
D) Chemical contamination

A

c

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53
Q

Which type of aquaculture has the lowest sedimentation impact according to the provided tables?

A) Intensive shellfish farming (long lines)
B) Semi-intensive shellfish farming (long lines)
C) Ranching
D) Intensive (fish, RAS)

A

c

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54
Q

What is a major factor in the selection of a site for sea-cage aquaculture?

A) Proximity to processing facilities
B) Current speed and direction
C) Availability of freshwater sources
D) Local human population density

A

b

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55
Q

Which species are typically farmed in recirculating aquaculture systems?

A) Shellfish and algae
B) Predatory fish and crustaceans
C) Rainbow trout, catfish, and eel
D) Herbivorous fish

A

c

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56
Q

What type of farming system is used for integrating fish and plant farming?

A) Aquaponics
B) Shellfish farming
C) Valliculture
D) Sea-cages

A

a

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57
Q

Which species is commonly farmed in intensive freshwater aquaculture systems?

A) Carp
B) Rainbow trout
C) Seabass
D) Mussels

A

b

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58
Q

What is a key benefit of using recirculating aquaculture systems?

A) Lower energy requirements
B) High production per surface unit
C) Reduced pathogen control
D) Lower initial costs

A

b

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59
Q

Which type of farming involves using earthen ponds in plain areas for thermophilic species?

A) Intensive aquaculture
B) Extensive aquaculture
C) Recirculating systems
D) Sea-cages systems

A

b

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60
Q

What type of aquaculture system is characterized by floating cages?

A) Valliculture
B) Recirculating systems
C) Sea-cages
D) Extensive pond systems

A

c

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61
Q

What is the primary use of longlines in shellfish farming?

A) Feeding fish
B) Suspending shellfish in deeper waters
C) Creating artificial reefs
D) Controlling algae growth

A

b

62
Q

Which species are commonly farmed using flow-through systems?

A) Carp and catfish
B) Salmon and trout
C) Seabass and seabream
D) Mussels and oysters

A

b

63
Q

Which type of cage is often used for in-shore fish farming?

A) Submersible cages
B) Fixed nets and floating platforms
C) Recirculating tanks
D) Earthen ponds

A

b

64
Q

What type of aquaculture system involves using high water renewal rates and biomass fractioning?

A) Extensive pond systems
B) Recirculating aquaculture systems
C) Sea-cages
D) Longline shellfish farming

A

b

65
Q

Which characteristic is crucial for the fibers used in sea-cage nets?

A) Elasticity
B) Chemical resistance
C) Biodegradability
D) High density

A

b

66
Q

Which type of aquaculture is practiced primarily in the Sacca degli Scardovari lagoon?

A) Intensive fish farming
B) Recirculating systems
C) Shellfish farming
D) Valliculture

A

c

67
Q

Which species is farmed using integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA)?

A) Salmon
B) Carp
C) Shellfish and algae
D) Trout

A

c

68
Q

What is the primary purpose of using HDPE pipes in sea-cage farming?

A) Feeding fish
B) Providing buoyancy and structural support
C) Filtering water
D) Controlling temperature

A

b

69
Q

Which type of aquaculture system uses tanks with a central position for water discharge?

A) Rectangular tanks
B) Circular tanks
C) Square tanks
D) Open ponds

A

b

70
Q

Which characteristic is important for selecting sites for sea-cage systems?

A) High human population density
B) Bathymetry and current speed
C) Availability of terrestrial feed
D) Proximity to urban areas

A

b

71
Q

What is one major environmental impact of intensive aquaculture systems?

A) Increased biodiversity
B) Reduced pathogen load
C) Sedimentation and geochemical changes
D) Improved water clarity

A

c

72
Q

Which impact is associated with the interaction of farmed and wild populations?

A) Sedimentation
B) Pathogen transmission
C) Geochemical changes
D) Alien species diffusion

A

b

73
Q

What is a common method for mitigating the environmental impacts of aquaculture?

A) Increasing stocking density
B) Reducing feed rates
C) Implementing integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA)
D) Using artificial lights

A

c

74
Q

Which species are typically included in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems?

A) Predatory fish
B) Shellfish and algae
C) Freshwater fish
D) Herbivorous fish

A

b

75
Q

What type of system is used for farming shellfish in Europe?

A) Pond systems
B) Bottom farming and floating systems
C) Recirculating systems
D) Sea-cages systems

A

b

76
Q

What is the primary benefit of aquaponics systems?

A) High initial costs
B) Use of antibiotics
C) Integration of fish and plant farming
D) Limited species diversity

A

c

77
Q

Which production stage involves hatchery and nursery phases?

A) Fattening
B) Grow-out
C) Maturation and broodstock management
D) Feeding

A

c

78
Q

What is a major factor in selecting a site for sea-cages systems?

A) Proximity to processing facilities
B) Current speed and direction
C) Availability of freshwater sources
D) Local human population density

A

b

79
Q

Which species are commonly farmed in recirculating aquaculture systems?

A) Shellfish and algae
B) Predatory fish and crustaceans
C) Rainbow trout, catfish, and eel
D) Herbivorous fish

A

c

80
Q

Which system requires the lowest water renewal rate?

A) Extensive ponds
B) Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)
C) Sea-cages
D) Flow-through systems

A

b

81
Q

What is a key feature of longlines used in shellfish farming?

A) Feeding fish
B) Suspending shellfish in deeper waters
C) Creating artificial reefs
D) Controlling algae growth

A

b

82
Q

Which species are commonly farmed using flow-through systems?

A) Carp and catfish
B) Salmon and trout
C) Seabass and seabream
D) Mussels and oysters

A

b

83
Q

What type of cage is often used for in-shore fish farming?

A) Submersible cages
B) Fixed nets and floating platforms
C) Recirculating tanks
D) Earthen ponds

A

b

84
Q

Which type of farming involves using high water renewal rates and biomass fractioning?

A) Extensive pond systems
B) Recirculating aquaculture systems
C) Sea-cages
D) Longline shellfish farming

A

b

85
Q

Which characteristic is crucial for the fibers used in sea-cage nets?

A) Elasticity
B) Chemical resistance
C) Biodegradability
D) High density

A

b

86
Q

What is one impact caused by sedimentation from organic particulates in aquaculture?

A) Geochemical processes
B) Increased biodiversity
C) Improved water clarity
D) Reduced pathogen load

A

a

87
Q

Which farming method uses bottom farming and raft methods for oysters?

A) Aquaponics
B) Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
C) Shellfish farming
D) Valliculture

A

c

88
Q

What is a significant advantage of aquaponics systems?

A) High initial costs
B) Use of antibiotics
C) Integration of plant and fish farming
D) Limited to marine species

A

c

89
Q

Which type of aquaculture system is used primarily for growing mussels in Europe?

A) Sea-cages
B) Ponds
C) Longlines and rafts
D) Recirculating systems

A

c

90
Q

What type of farming involves growing oysters using bottom farming and raft methods?

A) Aquaponics
B) Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
C) Shellfish farming
D) Valliculture

A

c

91
Q

Which production stage in aquaculture involves the hatchery and nursery phases?

A) Fattening
B) Grow-out
C) Maturation and broodstock management
D) Feeding

A

c

92
Q

What is a major environmental impact of intensive aquaculture systems?

A) Increased biodiversity
B) Reduced pathogen load
C) Sedimentation and geochemical changes
D) Improved water clarity

A

c

93
Q

Which impact is associated with the interaction of farmed and wild populations?

A) Sedimentation
B) Pathogen transmission
C) Geochemical changes
D) Alien species diffusion

A

b

94
Q

What is a common method for mitigating the environmental impacts of aquaculture?

A) Increasing stocking density
B) Reducing feed rates
C) Implementing integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA)
D) Using artificial lights

A

c

95
Q

Which species are typically included in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems?

A) Predatory fish
B) Shellfish and algae
C) Freshwater fish
D) Herbivorous fish

A

b

96
Q

What type of system is used for farming shellfish in Europe?

A) Pond systems
B) Bottom farming and floating systems
C) Recirculating systems
D) Sea-cages systems

A

b

97
Q

What is the primary benefit of aquaponics systems?

A) High initial costs
B) Use of antibiotics
C) Integration of fish and plant farming
D) Limited species diversity

A

c

98
Q

Which production stage involves hatchery and nursery phases?

A) Fattening
B) Grow-out
C) Maturation and broodstock management
D) Feeding

A

c

99
Q

What is a major factor in selecting a site for sea-cages systems?

A) Proximity to processing facilities
B) Current speed and direction
C) Availability of freshwater sources
D) Local human population density

A

b

100
Q

Which species are commonly farmed in recirculating aquaculture systems?
- A) Shellfish and algae
- B) Predatory fish and crustaceans
- C) Rainbow trout, catfish, and eel
- D) Herbivorous fish

A

c

101
Q

Which impact is primarily caused by the release of uneaten feed in aquaculture?
- A) Increased biodiversity
- B) Sedimentation and organic matter accumulation
- C) Improved water quality
- D) Reduction in water temperature

A

b

102
Q

What type of aquaculture impact involves the escape of farmed species?
- A) Pathogen transmission
- B) Interaction with wild populations
- C) Chemical contamination
- D) Sedimentation

A

b

103
Q

What environmental impact is associated with the use of Cu compounds in aquaculture?
- A) Pathogen transmission
- B) Chemical contamination
- C) Sedimentation
- D) Geochemical changes

A

b

104
Q

Which type of environmental impact results from the capture of wild fry for aquaculture?
- A) Geochemical changes
- B) Interaction with wild populations
- C) Sedimentation
- D) Chemical contamination

A

b

105
Q

What is a potential consequence of releasing farmed fish gametes into the wild?
- A) Reduced water clarity
- B) Enhanced biodiversity
- C) Interaction with wild populations
- D) Increased sedimentation

A

c

106
Q

Which type of impact is caused by N and P from excretion processes in aquaculture?
- A) Sedimentation
- B) Geochemical changes
- C) Pathogen transmission
- D) Chemical contamination

A

b

107
Q

What is a significant impact of pathogen transmission in aquaculture systems?
- A) Reduced water temperature
- B) Increased biodiversity
- C) Interaction with wild populations
- D) Enhanced sedimentation

A

c

108
Q

Which impact involves the use of disinfectants and chemotherapeutics in aquaculture?
- A) Sedimentation
- B) Chemical contamination
- C) Interaction with wild populations
- D) Geochemical changes

A

b

109
Q

What is the primary source of soluble organic matter in aquaculture systems?
- A) Chemical treatments
- B) Decomposing uneaten feed
- C) Fish respiration
- D) Predator control measures

A

b

110
Q

What environmental impact can result from the use of wild fish in aquafeed?
- A) Geochemical changes
- B) Pathogen transmission
- C) Reduced natural fish populations
- D) Enhanced sedimentation

A

c

111
Q

Which impact is associated with the release of farmed fish for restocking purposes?
- A) Sedimentation
- B) Chemical contamination
- C) Pathogen transmission
- D) Interaction with wild populations

A

d

112
Q

Which type of impact involves the exchange of parasites between farmed and wild populations?
- A) Chemical contamination
- B) Pathogen transmission
- C) Sedimentation
- D) Geochemical changes

A

b

113
Q

What is one of the origins of trace elements in aquaculture systems?
- A) Fish respiration
- B) Uneaten feed and feces
- C) Natural water sources
- D) Predator control

A

b

114
Q

What impact can result from high-density aquaculture operations in open systems?
- A) Enhanced biodiversity
- B) Increased pathogen load
- C) Reduced sedimentation
- D) Improved water quality

A

b

115
Q

Which environmental impact is intensified by the voluntary introduction of alien species in aquaculture?
- A) Sedimentation
- B) Geochemical changes
- C) Interaction with wild populations
- D) Diffusion of alien species

A

d

116
Q

What type of contamination is associated with the use of Zn compounds in aquaculture?
- A) Geochemical changes
- B) Chemical contamination
- C) Sedimentation
- D) Pathogen transmission

A

b

117
Q

Which impact is primarily caused by the use of anti-fouling treatments in aquaculture?
- A) Pathogen transmission
- B) Chemical contamination
- C) Increased biodiversity
- D) Improved water clarity

A

b

118
Q

What is a common origin of N and P contributing to geochemical changes in aquaculture?
- A) Fish feeding
- B) Water evaporation
- C) Excretion processes
- D) Predator control measures

A

c

119
Q

Which environmental impact involves the accidental introduction of parasites in aquaculture?
- A) Sedimentation
- B) Geochemical changes
- C) Pathogen transmission
- D) Chemical contamination

A

c

120
Q

What is a potential impact of predator control measures in aquaculture?
- A) Increased sedimentation
- B) Chemical contamination
- C) Interaction with wild populations
- D) Enhanced biodiversity

A

c

121
Q

What is the sedimentation impact level in intensive shellfish farming (long lines)?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

b

122
Q

What is the geochemical processes impact level in semi-intensive shellfish farming (long lines)?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

d

123
Q

How is the impact of alien species diffusion rated in ranching systems?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

c

124
Q

What is the impact level of interactions with wild species in intensive shellfish farming (long lines)?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

d

125
Q

What is the impact level of chemical use in ranching systems?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) None

A

d

126
Q

How is the impact of pathogen transmission rated in semi-intensive shellfish farming (long lines)?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

d

127
Q

What is the impact level of fish for aquafeed in ranching systems?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) None

A

d

128
Q

What is the sedimentation impact level in intensive fish cage systems?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

b

129
Q

How is the impact of geochemical processes rated in semi-intensive fish pond systems?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

b

130
Q

What is the impact level of alien species diffusion in extensive fish lagoon systems?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

c

131
Q

What is the impact level of interactions with wild species in intensive fish tank systems?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

b

132
Q

How is the chemical use impact rated in semi-intensive fish pond systems?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

c

133
Q

What is the impact level of pathogen transmission in extensive fish lagoon systems?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

c

134
Q

What is the impact level of fish for aquafeed in intensive fish cage systems?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

c

135
Q

What is the sedimentation impact level in intensive fish recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

d

136
Q

How is the impact of geochemical processes rated in intensive fish RAS?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

c

137
Q

What is the impact level of alien species diffusion in intensive fish RAS?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

c

138
Q

What is the impact level of interactions with wild species in intensive fish RAS?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

d

139
Q

How is the chemical use impact rated in intensive fish RAS?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

c

140
Q

What is the impact level of pathogen transmission in intensive fish RAS?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

b

141
Q

What is the impact level of fish for aquafeed in intensive fish RAS?
- A) High
- B) Moderate
- C) Low
- D) Negligible

A

a

142
Q

Which system has the lowest sedimentation impact?
- A) Intensive shellfish farming (long lines)
- B) Intensive fish cage systems
- C) Intensive fish RAS
- D) Semi-intensive fish pond systems

A

c

143
Q

Which system has the highest impact on geochemical processes?
- A) Intensive shellfish farming (long lines)
- B) Intensive fish cage systems
- C) Intensive fish RAS
- D) Semi-intensive fish pond systems

A

d

144
Q

Which system has negligible impact on interactions with wild species?
- A) Intensive fish cage systems
- B) Intensive fish RAS
- C) Semi-intensive fish pond systems
- D) Extensive fish lagoon systems

A

b

145
Q

Which system has low impact on chemical use?
- A) Intensive fish cage systems
- B) Semi-intensive fish pond systems
- C) Intensive fish RAS
- D) Intensive shellfish farming (long lines)

A

c

146
Q

Which system has a moderate impact on pathogen transmission?
- A) Intensive shellfish farming (long lines)
- B) Semi-intensive fish pond systems
- C) Intensive fish RAS
- D) Extensive fish lagoon systems

A

c

147
Q

Which system has no impact on the use of fish for aquafeed?
- A) Intensive fish cage systems
- B) Intensive fish RAS
- C) Ranching systems
- D) Semi-intensive fish pond systems

A

c

148
Q

Which system has the highest sedimentation impact?
- A) Intensive shellfish farming (long lines)
- B) Intensive fish cage systems
- C) Intensive fish RAS
- D) Semi-intensive fish pond systems

A

b

149
Q

Which system has negligible impact on alien species diffusion?
- A) Intensive shellfish farming (long lines)
- B) Intensive fish cage systems
- C) Intensive fish RAS
- D) Ranching systems

A

d

150
Q

Which system has low impact on pathogen transmission?
- A) Intensive fish RAS
- B) Intensive fish cage systems
- C) Intensive shellfish farming (long lines)
- D) Semi-intensive fish pond systems

A

c