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HDSO Fossils > Trilobites > Flashcards

Trilobites Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of Trilobite

A

Calymene
Agnostus
Deiphon
Trinucleus

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2
Q

What is the phylum and class for Trilobites

A

Phylum - Arthropoda

Class - Trilobita

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3
Q

When did Trilobites evolve and become extinct

A

Evolved - Cambrian

Extinct - End of permian period

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4
Q

What is their exoskeleton made out of

A

Chitin

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5
Q

What does the exoskeleton act as

A

An anchorage for muscles

a suit of armour

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6
Q

What are the jointed legs and antennae known as

A

Appedages

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7
Q

What were the appendages used for

A

Moving

Feeding

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8
Q

What is a pleuron

A

Segment adjoining the axis

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9
Q

Each pleuron had a pair of what

A

Jointed legs

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10
Q

What did the legs have attached to them

A

Gills

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11
Q

What is the cephalon

A

The head

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12
Q

What role did the antennae have

A

Feeding

Sensory role

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13
Q

What is the cephalon made up of

A

Eyes
Facial structures
Free cheeks
Glabella

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14
Q

How would you describe the eyes and what did they consist of

A

Compound eyes

Many small lenses made of calcite

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15
Q

What may be attached to the glabella at the genal area

A

Spines for protection or spread the organisms mass

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16
Q

What is the thorax made up of

A

Thoracic segments

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17
Q

What does each thoracic segment possess

A

A pair of appendages and gills in life

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18
Q

What does each thoracic segment consist of

A

Two pleurae

A segment from the axis

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19
Q

What may each pleuron have

A

Spines extending from them

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20
Q

The thorax is made up of many what and making it what

A

Individual plates articulated together

Making it very flexible

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21
Q

Some trilobites were so flexible they could what

A

Enroll

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22
Q

What is the pygidium

A

Tail

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23
Q

What is the pygidium composed of

A

Several segments fused together

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24
Q

What is the process called by which a Trilobite sheds its skin

A

Ecdysis

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25
Q

How did ecdysis occur

A

The exoskeleton fractured along the lines of weakness such as the facial structures. This separated the fixed cheek from the free cheek along the surface of the eye. The animal could then free its self then go on a period of rapid growth before the new exoskeleton was completely formed

26
Q

What is adaptive radiaion

A

Its when Trilobites evolved to be a variety of different shapes and sizes probably as a response to the environment they lived in and the selection pressures in the environment

27
Q

What is an example of a bethonic trilobite

A

Calymene

28
Q

How big is the Trilobite Calymene

A

They are large

29
Q

What do they show little of (Calymene)

A

Streamlining

30
Q

What type of eyes do they have (Calymene)

A

Complex compound eyes

31
Q

What did they have a lot of and what ability did it give them (Calymene)

A

Lot of pleura

The ability to enrol

32
Q

mode of life for Calymene

A

Benthonic
Epifaunal
Living on the substrate
Active hunters

33
Q

Probable function for many pleura (Calymene)

A

Many pairs of legs for walking
Supports many gills for respiration
Can enrol for protection

34
Q

Probable function for present-shaped compound eyes set high on the cheeks (Calymene)

A

Ability to see forward, backwards and sideways

Complex eyes may mean the animal was a hunter or scavenger

35
Q

probable function for large and not streamline (Calymene)

A

Animal did not swim so no need to be small, light and streamline

36
Q

What is an example of a pelagic trilobite

A

Agnostus

37
Q

How big is the trilobite Agnostus

A

These are small and probably light trilobites

38
Q

What did they lack (Agnostus)

A

Eyes

39
Q

What did they have few of and what does this mean (Agnostus)

A

Pleura

Therefore few gills and legs

40
Q

Where are they found (Agnostus)

A

They are widespread geographicaly

41
Q

What type of sediments are they found in and what energy environment (Agnostus)

A

Shales

Low-energy deep waters

42
Q

What is their mode of life (Agnostus)

A

Pelagic
Planktonic
Possible that their lack of eyes means a benthonic lifestyle in deep, cold water on ocean floor with no or minimal light

43
Q

Probable function for no eyes or very small eyes (Agnostus)

A

Blind or nearly blind which means the animal did not hunt and its food source was filtered from the sea water or organic rich sediment

44
Q

Probable function of inflated or large glabella and large pygidium (Agnostus)

A

Maybe filled with fat or gas

Seen as possible flotation device

45
Q

Probable function for very small size (Agnostus)

A

Small to possibly stay afloat in water column

46
Q

Probable function of few pleura (Agnostus)

A

Few legs which may be used as paddles or to steer animal

Limited flexibility and movement restricted

47
Q

What is an example of a Nektonic trilobite

A

Deiphon

48
Q

How big is the trilobite Deiphon

A

Small

49
Q

What do they show (Deiphon)

A

Streamlining and have complex compound eyes on stalks

50
Q

What is their mode of life (Deiphon)

A

Planktonic
living in water column and nektonic
Actively swimming possibly active hunters

51
Q

Probable function for eyes on stalks (Deiphon)

A

Ability to see forwards, sideways, backwards and underneath

Complex eyes may mean the animal is an active hunter of scavenger

52
Q

Probable function for inflated or large glabella (Deiphon)

A

May be filled with fat or gas which could be a possible flotation device

53
Q

Probable function for very small size (Deiphon)

A

Small to stay afloat in water column

54
Q

Probable function for numerous separated pleura, with spines (Deiphon)

A

Had many legs for swimming

The spines and separated pleura increased surface area to aid buoyancy

55
Q

What is an example of a Burrowing trilobite

A

Trinucleus

56
Q

What do these types of trilobites lack (Trinucleus)

A

Eyes

57
Q

How was their cephalon modified (Trinucleus)

A

Shovel shaped with pits running along its margins

58
Q

What is their mode of life (Trinucleus)

A

Benthonic
Living on substrate as epifaunal or infernal organisms
May have dug shallow borrows for protection or feed on organic rich sediment
Lived at a 200M depth

59
Q

Probable function of no eyes (Trinucleus)

A

Unlikely to hunt

Fed on organic rich sediment

60
Q

Probable function of wide cephalic fringe (Trinucleus)

A

Maybe to spread was on soft substrate

Or as a digging tool

61
Q

Extended genal spines (Trinucleus)

A

To spread mass

As a defence weapon

62
Q

Pitted cephalic fringe (Trinucleus)

A

Pits may have housed sensory hairs in life

These may have been able to detect the movement of prey and water currents on the sea floor or temperatures or chemicals

HDSO Fossils (13 decks)

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