Triggers of the civil war and the glorious revolution Flashcards
Triggers of the civil war
1640- Charles calls parliament back to raise money for Scot’s
Parliament make a list of demands
1641- triennial act passes
Stafford tried for treason and executed
Tunnage and Poundage act
The Grand Remonstrance
1642 Jan- Charles tries to arrest 5 MPs
February- parliament debate religious issues vote to throw bishops out of the House of Lords
March - parliament take control of the army
June- Nineteen propositions passed
August 22-Charles raised his standards
Key events of the civil war
Battle of Edgehill- 23 October 1642- draw
Battle of Marston Moor- July 2 1644- Parliament won
Battle of Naseby- 14 June 1645- Parliament won again
What are parliament and royal army called
Parliament - parliamentarians and round heads
Royals- royalists and cavaliers
Execution of Charles 1 date + key details
30 January 1649- people went silence ( were surprised/shocked) - executed outside the Banqueting House in Whitehall
What happened after Parliament won the Battle of Naseby
Summer 1647: Charles is captured by Parl. Parl offers the Heads of Proposals- religious freedom to all but catholics, parl elections every two years and council and ministers to run the country.
- charles escapes due to split in the army
- 5th may 1648 Charles surrenders to the Scottish army- he is held prisoner at Carisbrook Castle of the Isle of Wight
- in 1648 Charles negotiated with the Scots- he persuaded them to invade England and 2nd civil war broke out in August 1648
-royalists were defeated
- parl didn’t trust Charles and out him on trial
What was the New Model Army
- first professional army in English history
- 22000 men
-well supplied guns and equipment - infantry regiments:wear scarlet
- cavalry regiments:wear brown leather
- well paid: colonels- 1pound day/ troopers-2shillings 6days/ privates 4p 10 days
- well disciplined
-death penalty for threatening other officer - whipped and hole bore in tongue if you swore
- thought they were fighting God’s battles
- people in charge based on success not positions
Who replaces Charles 1
Oliver Cromwell
Restoration of monarchy
- parliament asks Charles 2 to come back
- 1660, may 25
- lords and commons of parl kissed his hand when he arrived - show they want him/monarchy back
When did Cromwell die
-3rd September 1658
-body preserved in slices for 10 weeks
People came and saw him
Had expensivestate funeral- worth 2 million pounds
- state funeral on 23rd November 1658
Why did parl ask Charles 2 to rule not Oliver Cromwell son
They felt as if Cromwell betrayed them and they just wanted power- so they wanted the monarchy back , but they’d still have power. Power did not go to Cromwell son as they were not stable
Charles 2
-Succesfully restored monarchy
Has not legitimate heir- 14 illegitimate heirs
-died in 1685
- power went to his closest relative James 2
James 2 and the glorious revolution
- James daughter Mary, Protestant, was rightful heir to the throne- park happy
- James has catholic baby boy- new heir who is catholic: parl worried
1688- 7 of king James peers pledge allegiance to William of orange (Dutch leader and Mary’s husband) - they arrive in Devon , November 1688
- king James howeve is prepared
- however, several of James men and family desert him
- James retreats back to London rather than fights
- more people support William of orange
- December 1688, James attempts to escape but some fishermen arrest him
-later in the month, he escapes again and flees to France - his cousin Louis 15 hold the throne
- James 2 dies in exile in 1701
- parl welcome William of orange and Mary as queen and king- now Protestant rule
What is the bill of rights and what happens
The bill of rights is a list of complaints about James 2 behaviour as king. This was followed by the declaration that:
- the monarch cant suspend or introduce laws without parls permission
- special courts and commissions set up by the monarch are illegal
- the monarch can’t collect taxes without parls permission
- it is illegal for an army to be raised during peace time, unless parl agrees
- Protestants are allowed to bear weapons for defence
- elections of MPs should be done freely, without royal interference
Freedom of speech and debates in parl are protected and can’t be limited or punished
- excessive bail, fines or cruel or unusual punishments should not be given
- parl meetings should be held regularly to hear complaints and maintain laws of England
- the monarch can’t be catholic or marry a catholic
- all catholic members of the family are excluded from the line of succession
MARY AND WILLIAM AGREE
What makes the bill of rights so significant
- It gives parl much more power over the monarchy and people
- The people have more freedom (excessive or cruel punishments can’t be given to the )
- Only Protestants get rights- leads to unfairness and anger by catholics
