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Clin med A 2 > Trigger - AKI part 1 > Flashcards

Trigger - AKI part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

this finding can indicate Acute obstruction, cortical necrosis, aortic dissection

A

anuria

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2
Q

this finding is indicative of poor prognosis in AKI

A

oliguria

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3
Q

s/s include encephalopathy, dry skin, HTN and tachypnea.

A

uremia

also:
General - weakness, fatigue
Neuro - tremors, seizures, encephalopathy, confusion, coma
Skin - itching, dryness
Cardiovascular - pericardial effusion, pericarditis, HTN
GI - anorexia, nausea, vomiting
Other - shallow breaths/tachypnea, metabolic acidosis

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4
Q

s/s include weakness, tremors, confusion, pericarditis, metabolic acidosis

A

uremia

also:
General - weakness, fatigue
Neuro - tremors, seizures, encephalopathy, confusion, coma
Skin - itching, dryness
Cardiovascular - pericardial effusion, pericarditis, HTN
GI - anorexia, nausea, vomiting
Other - shallow breaths/tachypnea, metabolic acidosis

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5
Q

low FENa+ (<1%)

A

prerenal azotemia
also see decreased GFR and BUN:Cr as well as hyaline casts on urine sediment

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6
Q

hyaline casts on urine sediment

A

prerenal azotemia

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7
Q

s/s include uremia, diffuse abdominal pain, ileus and decreased urine output

A

prerenal azotemia

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8
Q

tamm-horsfall mucoprotein is associated with what

A

forms the hyaline casts found in prerenal azotemia

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9
Q

etiology of retroperitoneal fibrosis and neurogenic bladder

A

etiologies of postrenal obstruction. i keep forgetting these two specifically

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10
Q

s/s include anuria or polyuria with lower abdominal pain

A

postrenal obstruction

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11
Q

s/s include distended bladder, enlarged prostate or pelvic/abdominal mass

A

postrenal obstruction

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12
Q

urine osmolality of 400 or less

A

postrenal obstruction

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13
Q

urine sediment that is normal but may have RBC, WBC and crystals

A

postrenal obstruction

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14
Q

CK > 20,000-50,000

A

myoglobinuria

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15
Q

false + hemoglobin on urine dipstick

A

myoglobinuria

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16
Q

dark brown urine with no presence of RBC

A

myoglobinuria

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17
Q

complications include hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia

A

myoglobinuria

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18
Q

etiology includes transfusion reaction and hemolytic anemia

A

hemoglobinuria (seen in acute tubular necrosis)

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19
Q

etiology includes rapid cell turnover and lysis such as during chemo

A

hyperuricemia

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20
Q

s/s include arrhythmias, abdominal pain and uremia

A

ATN

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21
Q

hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and elevated urine sodium

A

ATN

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22
Q

urinary sediment shows pigmented granular casts or “muddy brown” casts, renal tubular cells and epithelial cell casts

A

ATN

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23
Q

protein restriction to avoid metabolic acidosis is part of treatment for what diagnosis

24
Q

cresent lesions and inflammatory lesions

A

acute glomerulonephritis

25
Q

HTN and edema as classic presentation

A

acurte glomerulonephritis

26
Q

urine containing protein, WBCs, RBCs and RBC casts.

A

acute glomerulonephritis

27
Q

when antigen excess over antibody production occurs and antigen-antibody complexes get lodged in glomerular basement membrane.

A

immune complex deposition type acute glomerulonephritis

28
Q

caused by bergers, lupus, endocarditis and strep

A

immune complex deposition type acute glomerulonephritis

29
Q

caused by Membranoproliferative disease and cryoglobulinemic disease

A

immune complex deposition type acute glomerulonephritis

30
Q

autoantibodies against glomerular basement membrane (GBM). This can be confined to the kidney or involve lungs as well

A

Anti-GBM-associated acute glomerulonephritis

31
Q

Anti-GBM-associated acute glomerulonephritis with pulmonary involvement

A

goodpastures syndrome

32
Q

abnormalities in the alternative complement pathway

A

C3 glomerulopathy

33
Q

Monoclonal Ig deposited in GBM and/or tubular basement membrane.

no excess antigens

A

monoclonal Ig-Mediated Glomerulonephritis

34
Q

identified with serum protein electrophoresis

A

monoclonal Ig-Mediated Glomerulonephritis

can also use immunofixation and free light chain analysis

35
Q

identified with free light chain analysis and immunofixation

A

monoclonal Ig-Mediated Glomerulonephritis

can also use electrophoresis

36
Q

small-vessel vasculitis associated with Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Pauci-Immune Glomerulonephritis

37
Q

etiologies include hypertensive emergencies or thrombotic microangiopathies

A

possible causes of acute glomerulonephritis

38
Q

RBC casts on urine sediment

A

acute glomerulonephritis

39
Q

hematuria and moderate proteinuria with increased serum creatine

A

acute glomerulonephritis

40
Q

treated with cytotoxic agents and high dose corticosteroids

A

acute glomerulonephritis

41
Q

PCN rifampin sulfonamides

A

acute interstitial nephritis

42
Q

eosinophilia

A

acute interstitial nephritis

43
Q

only AKI presenting with enlarged kidneys on US

A

acute interstitial nephritis

44
Q

symptoms include rash

A

acute interstitial nephritis

45
Q

WBC casts

A

acute interstitial nephritis

46
Q

treat with plasma exchange

A

pauci immune or good pastures

47
Q

renal tubular cells and epithelial cell casts on urine sediment

A

acute tubular necrosis

48
Q

AVOID ACE/ARB

A

prerenal azotemia

49
Q

BUN>20:1

A

prerenal azotemia
postrenal obstruction

50
Q

BUN<20:1

A

acute tubular necrosis.

(i think this represents instrinsic kidney injuries in general)

51
Q

can be caused by bacteria such as strep, staph, diptheria, legionella and ricketssia

A

acute interstitial nephritisa

52
Q

can be caused by allergies and collagen vascular disease

A

acute interstitial nephritis

53
Q

what lab value can be seen in a patient who’s symtpoms are caused by overuse of NSAIDS

A

proteinuria

proteinuria is not super high in acute interstitial nephritis unless it is caused by the use of NSAIDS.

54
Q

assocaited with hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

pauci immune GN

55
Q

assocaited with thrombotic thrombocytic purpura

A

pauci-immune GN

Clin med A 2 (30 decks)

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