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(6-10) Translational Medical Science COPY > Trigger 7: polarization state of microglia in TBI > Flashcards

Trigger 7: polarization state of microglia in TBI Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

M1 and M2

A

are the polarised state of microglia

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2
Q

patrolling microglia (ramified)

A

Survey for homeostasis disruption

  • phagocytosis
  • neurogenesis regulation
  • synapses remodelling
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3
Q

what trigger the activation of an M1 state

A

LPS
IFNy
IL-17
TNF-alpha

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4
Q

what trigger the activation of an M2 state

A

IL-4
IL-10
IL-13
TGF-B

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5
Q

M1

A

pro-inflammatory phenotype- neurotoxic

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6
Q

M2

A

anti-inflammatory phenotypes - neuroprotective

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7
Q

M1 causes

A

cell death and neurotoxicity

  • chronic neuroifnlamamtion
  • oxidative stress
  • immune cell infiltration
  • neuronal damage
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8
Q

what do M1 release

A

iNOS
TNF-alpha
IL-6
IL-1B

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9
Q

which cytokines released by M1 stimulate M2

A

IL-4 and IL-13

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10
Q

M2 causes

A

anti-inflammatory neuroprotective response

  • increase resolution of inflammation
  • restoring homeostasis
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11
Q

which cytokines do M2 release

A

Arginase-1
TGF-B
Ym-1
FIZZI

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12
Q

name the anti inflammatory microglia

A

M0 M2a M2b M2c

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13
Q

name the inflammatory microglia

A

M1

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14
Q

name the wound healing angiogenesis microglia

A

M2d

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15
Q

what are disease associated microglia

A

a new protective microglia found in people with ALS- surround area of insult (e.g. plaque deposition) and secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines to prevent further damage

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16
Q

DAM

A

disease associated microglia

17
Q

DAM simple

A

secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines to prevent further damage

18
Q

activation receptors for M1 activaton

A

LPS, IFNY, GM-CSF

19
Q

activation receptors for M2 activation

A

IL-4, IgG, IL-10

20
Q

upregulated …. and …… increase risk of of neurodegeneration

A

APOE and TREM2

21
Q

down regulated …. decreased risk of neurodegeneration

A

BIn1

22
Q

most common genetic biomarkers for the prediction of vulnerability to TBI (expressed on microglia)

A

BDNG
APOE
TREM2

23
Q

BDNF

A

BDNF allele was previously linked to a higher risk of experiencing mTBI

24
Q

APOE

A

association with the potential for memory deficits following mTBI

25
Q

TREM2

A

association with the potential for memory deficits following mTBI

26
Q

ramified microglia…

A

clear metabolic products and tissue debris

27
Q

what do ramified microglia have on their surface

A

PRRs which recognise DAMPs e.g. TLRs

28
Q

ramified microglia are

A

APCs- interact with T cells

(6-10) Translational Medical Science COPY (36 decks)

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